School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Land Use Planning Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700HB, the Netherlands.
Key Lab for Resources Use & Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Aug 15;316:115185. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115185. Epub 2022 May 6.
Although cultural ecosystem services (CES) are greatly valued by diverse stakeholders, the full range of CES provided by a landscape is notoriously difficult to estimate. The resulting lack of objective norms for CES may lead to the loss of the multiple non-material factors that contribute to how a landscape is valued and experienced. This is especially true under ecological restoration, which could sharply change how people experience landscapes. Therefore, our aim in this study was to identify and analyze the CES that arise from people's interaction with their landscape, focusing specifically on the influences of different ecological restoration strategies. We carried out semi-structured interviews with the residents of villages in the Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, China. Regarding the implementation of ecological restoration measures, the people living in typical pastoral zones would be most affected by these measures because their main livelihood (animal husbandry) depends strongly on grasslands. Our results demonstrated that human perception of the CES provided by landscapes is affected not only by the factors related to an individual's cultural worldview (e.g., ethnicity, age, education) but also by the utility of landscape features, which are reflected in the individual's landscape dependence (occupation). Our research provides a cultural perspective for aspects of local well-being in addition to ecological and economic targets. Understanding these other aspects is critical for implementing sustainable ecological restoration.
虽然文化生态系统服务（CES）受到了不同利益相关者的高度重视，但景观提供的 CES 的全部范围却难以准确估计。CES 缺乏客观规范，可能导致景观价值和体验中多种非物质因素的丧失。在生态恢复的情况下尤其如此，因为生态恢复可能会极大地改变人们对景观的体验。因此，本研究旨在识别和分析人们与景观互动所产生的 CES，并特别关注不同生态恢复策略的影响。我们对中国内蒙古锡林郭勒盟村庄的居民进行了半结构化访谈。在实施生态恢复措施方面，典型牧区的居民受这些措施的影响最大，因为他们的主要生计（畜牧业）强烈依赖于草原。研究结果表明，人类对景观提供的 CES 的感知不仅受到与个人文化世界观相关的因素（如民族、年龄、教育）的影响，还受到景观特征的实用性的影响，而这些特征体现在个体的景观依赖性（职业）中。本研究除了生态和经济目标之外，还从文化角度提供了对当地福祉的认识。理解这些其他方面对于实施可持续的生态恢复至关重要。
