Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue MC 3252, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
Radiol Clin North Am. 2022 May;60(3):409-427. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.01.007.
Histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis are endemic fungal infections in North America. Many infections are subclinical, and many symptomatic infections are mild. Pneumonia is the most common clinical manifestation. All can occur in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, with the latter at greater risk for disseminated and more severe disease. As with other acute respiratory illness, imaging can play a role in diagnosis. Knowledge of the acute and chronic imaging findings of endemic fungal infections is important for radiologists so that they can assist in establishing these often-elusive diagnoses, recognize normal evolution of imaging findings of infection, and identify complications.
组织胞浆菌病、球孢子菌病和粗球孢子菌病是北美的地方性真菌感染。许多感染是无症状的，许多有症状的感染是轻度的。肺炎是最常见的临床表现。所有这些都可能发生在免疫功能正常和免疫功能低下的患者中，后者发生播散性和更严重疾病的风险更高。与其他急性呼吸道疾病一样，影像学在诊断中也可以发挥作用。放射科医生了解地方性真菌感染的急性和慢性影像学表现非常重要，以便他们能够协助确定这些通常难以确诊的疾病，识别感染影像学表现的正常演变，并发现并发症。
