Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran,, Iran.
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, 321 Scoates Hall, 2117 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 9;12(1):7582. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11595-w.
This study assesses the feedbacks between water, food, and energy nexus at the national level with a dynamic-system model, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative environmental water needs. Surface and groundwater resources are considered jointly in the water resources subsystem of this dynamic system. The developed model considers the effects of reducing the per capita use water and energy on its system's components. Results indicate that due to feedbacks the changes in per capita uses of water and energy have indirect and direct effects. About 40% of the total water savings achieved by the per capita change policy was related to energy savings, in other words, it is an indirect saving. Implementation of per capita use reductions compensates for 9% of the decline of Iran's groundwater reservoirs (non-renewable resources in the short term) that occur during the five-year study period. The Manageable and Exploitable Renewable Water Stress Index (MRWI) corresponding to water and energy savings equals 214.5%, which is better than its value under the current situation (which is equal to 235.1%).
本研究通过动态系统模型评估了国家层面上水、食物和能源之间的反馈关系，同时考虑了定性和定量的环境用水需求。地表水和地下水在该动态系统的水资源子系统中被共同考虑。所开发的模型考虑了降低人均用水和能源使用对其系统组件的影响。结果表明，由于反馈效应，人均用水和能源使用的变化对系统组件具有间接和直接的影响。通过人均变化政策实现的总节水量的 40%与能源节约有关，换句话说，这是一种间接节约。在五年的研究期间，人均用水减少政策的实施补偿了伊朗地下水库（短期内不可再生资源）减少的 9%。与水和能源节约相对应的可管理和可利用可再生水资源压力指数（MRWI）等于 214.5%，优于现状下的值（等于 235.1%）。
