对适应热应激的优良水稻品种的生理和农艺学评价。

Physiological and agronomical evaluation of elite rice varieties for adaptation to heat stress.

机构信息

Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.

West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.

出版信息

BMC Plant Biol. 2022 May 10;22(1):236. doi: 10.1186/s12870-022-03604-x.

DOI:10.1186/s12870-022-03604-x

PMID:35534823

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9088053/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The increasing temperatures due to climate change around the world poses a serious threat to sustainable crop production. The growing adverse effects of heat stress are putting global food security at great risk. Crop improvement for adaptation to increased temperatures is therefore of paramount importance. This study aims at assessing the effects of heat stress in relation to agro-morphological and physiological traits of six rice varieties. The study was carried out in the Township of Glazoué, a rice-growing area in Benin. The experiments were laid in randomized complete block design with three replications. Two types of stress were imposed: high-temperature stress in the dry season and optimal temperatures in the rainy season. The calculated mean values of morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits were used to estimate heritability, genetic advance, PCA, and correlation.

RESULTS

The results showed that heat stress had a significant (p ≤ 0.01) influence on plant height, leaf length, number of tillers, number of internodes, days to flowering, and days to maturity, 1000-seed weight, and yield per plant. The heat stress had significantly delayed the flowering of all the varieties when compared to the controls. The highest values of 1000-seed weight (34. 67 g) were recorded for BRIZ-8B while the lowest (25.33 g) were recorded for NERICA-L20. The highest values for the genotypic coefficient of variation (43.05%) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (99.13%) were recorded for yield per plant under heat stress. The topmost broad-sense heritability was recorded for grain width (92.72%), followed by days to maturity (69.33%), days to flowering (68.50%), number of grains per panicle (57.35%), and yield (54.55%).

CONCLUSIONS

These results showed that BRIZ-8B and BRIZ-10B were the most tolerant to high temperature amongst the six varieties assessed and potentially could be recommended to farmers for production under high temperature and be used in breeding programs to improve heat tolerance in rice.

摘要

背景

全球气候变化导致气温升高，对可持续作物生产构成严重威胁。热应激的负面影响日益加剧，使全球粮食安全面临巨大风险。因此，培育适应气温升高的作物品种至关重要。本研究旨在评估 6 个水稻品种在热应激条件下与农艺形态和生理特性的关系。该研究在贝宁的一个水稻种植区格祖埃镇进行。实验采用完全随机区组设计，设 3 次重复。施加了两种胁迫：旱季高温胁迫和雨季适宜温度。使用形态、生理和农艺性状的计算平均值来估计遗传力、遗传进展、PCA 和相关性。

结果

结果表明，高温胁迫对株高、叶长、分蘖数、节间数、抽穗期和成熟期、千粒重和单株产量等性状有显著影响（p≤0.01）。与对照相比，所有品种的抽穗期都因热胁迫而显著延迟。BRIZ-8B 的千粒重最高（34.67 g），NERICA-L20 的最低（25.33 g）。在热胁迫下，单株产量的基因型变异系数（43.05%）和表型变异系数（99.13%）最高。粒宽的广义遗传力最高（92.72%），其次是成熟期（69.33%）、抽穗期（68.50%）、穗粒数（57.35%）和产量（54.55%）。