在以色列的家猫和家犬中感染和血清流行率的波斯尼亚螺旋体。
Infection and seroprevalence of Borrelia persica in domestic cats and dogs in Israel.
机构信息
The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 761001, Rehovot, Israel.
Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2022 May 10;15(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05223-9.
BACKGROUND
Relapsing fever borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia, inflicting recurrent episodes of fever and spirochetemia in humans. Borrelia persica, the causative agent of relapsing fever in Israel, is prevalent over a broad geographic area that extends from India to Egypt. It is transmitted by the soft tick Ornithodoros tholozani and causes disease in humans as well as domestic cats and dogs. The goal of this study was to survey domestic dogs and cats in Israel for infection with B. persica.
METHODS
Blood, sera and demographic and clinical data were collected from dogs and cats brought for veterinary care in central Israel. PCR followed by DNA sequencing was used to detect B. persica DNA in blood samples, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies reactive with B. persica antigens in sera from the same animals. This is the first serological survey of B. persica in dogs and the first survey for antibodies reactive with a relapsing fever Borrelia sp. in cats globally.
RESULTS
Four of the 208 dogs (1.9%) and three of 103 cats (2.9%) sampled were positive by PCR for B. persica DNA, and 24 dogs (11.5%) and 18 cats (17.5%) were seropositive for B. persica antigen by ELISA. The ratio between PCR-positivity and seropositivity in both the dog and cat populations was 1:6. All four PCR-positive dogs and two of three PCR-positive cats were seronegative, suggesting a probable recent infection. Thrombocytopenia showed significant association with seropositivity in dogs (P = 0.003). In cats, anemia had a significant association with seropositivity (P = 0.0001), and thrombocytopenia was associated with the combined prevalence of seropositivity or PCR-positivity (P = 0.022).
CONCLUSIONS
Borrelia persica infection is more prevalent and widespread in domestic canine and feline populations in Israel than previously thought. Dogs and cats may play a role as reservoirs and sentinels for human infection. Precautions should be taken to prevent transfusion-transmitted infection between blood donor and recipient animals.
背景
回归热螺旋体病是一种由螺旋体属细菌引起的传染病，在人类中引起反复发作的发热和螺旋体血症。在以色列引起回归热的病原体是波斯螺旋体，它广泛分布于从印度到埃及的广大地区。它由软蜱 Ornithodoros tholozani 传播，并导致人类以及家猫和狗患病。本研究的目的是调查以色列的家养犬和猫是否感染波斯螺旋体。
方法
从在以色列中部接受兽医护理的犬和猫中采集血液、血清以及人口统计学和临床数据。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）结合 DNA 测序检测血液样本中的 B. persica DNA，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测来自同一动物血清中与 B. persica 抗原反应的抗体。这是首次在犬中进行的波斯螺旋体血清学调查，也是首次在全球范围内对与回归热螺旋体反应的抗体进行的猫的调查。
结果
208 只犬中有 4 只（1.9%）和 103 只猫中有 3 只（2.9%）经 PCR 检测为 B. persica DNA 阳性，24 只犬（11.5%）和 18 只猫（17.5%）经 ELISA 检测为 B. persica 抗原阳性。在犬和猫群体中，PCR 阳性与血清阳性的比值均为 1:6。所有 4 只 PCR 阳性犬和 3 只 PCR 阳性猫均为血清阴性，提示可能存在近期感染。血小板减少症与犬的血清阳性显著相关（P=0.003）。在猫中，贫血与血清阳性显著相关（P=0.0001），血小板减少症与血清阳性或 PCR 阳性的综合患病率相关（P=0.022）。
结论
与之前的认识相比，以色列的家养犬和猫群体中，波斯螺旋体感染更为普遍和广泛。犬和猫可能在人类感染中发挥储主和哨兵的作用。应采取预防措施，防止献血者和受血者动物之间的输血传播感染。
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