Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2022 Jul;34(4):587-593. doi: 10.1177/10406387221094273. Epub 2022 May 9.
Pneumonia is a significant disease of horses. Although pneumonia has traditionally been studied in racehorses, little information is available for non-racing horses. Non-racing horses that died with pulmonary lesions ( = 156) were available from cases submitted for autopsy from January 2015 to June 2020. Bronchopneumonia (35%), interstitial pneumonia (29%), embolic pneumonia (21%), granulomatous pneumonia (13%), and pleuritis (2%) were observed in the examined horses. Seventy-four horses died or were euthanized because of pulmonary diseases, and 82 horses died or were euthanized because of non-pulmonary causes but had lung lesions. Of the horses that died from pulmonary causes, the most common finding was bronchopneumonia, with abscesses and/or necrosis in the cranioventral aspect of the lung. Bacteria isolated from cases of bronchopneumonia were subsp. (48.5%), (12.1%), and subsp. (9.1%). The most common extrapulmonary lesions responsible for death in horses that also had lesions in the lung were mainly in the gastrointestinal system (30%), multiple systems (septicemia and/or toxemia; 27%), and musculoskeletal system (12%). The main postmortem findings in cases of bronchopneumonia of non-racing horses were similar to those reported previously in racehorses. However, some non-racing horses also had interstitial and granulomatous pneumonia, patterns not described previously in racehorses in California, likely as a result of the inclusion of extended age categories for non-racing horses. We also found that the equine lung was frequently affected in cases of sepsis and gastrointestinal problems of infectious origin.
肺炎是马的一种严重疾病。虽然肺炎在赛马中已有传统的研究，但针对非赛马马的信息却很少。本研究从 2015 年 1 月至 2020 年 6 月期间提交进行尸检的病例中，获得了 156 匹患有肺部病变且已死亡的非赛马马。在检查的马匹中观察到支气管肺炎（35%）、间质性肺炎（29%）、栓塞性肺炎（21%）、肉芽肿性肺炎（13%）和胸膜炎（2%）。74 匹马因肺部疾病死亡或被安乐死，82 匹马因非肺部原因死亡或被安乐死，但有肺部病变。在因肺部原因死亡的马匹中，最常见的发现是支气管肺炎，肺的颅前腹侧有脓肿和/或坏死。从支气管肺炎病例中分离出的细菌为 亚种（48.5%）、 （12.1%）和 亚种（9.1%）。在肺部也有病变的同时也有肺部病变的马，导致死亡的最常见的非肺部病变主要在胃肠道系统（30%）、多系统（败血症和/或毒血症；27%）和肌肉骨骼系统（12%）。非赛马马支气管肺炎的主要尸检发现与之前在加利福尼亚州赛马中报道的相似。然而，一些非赛马马也患有间质性和肉芽肿性肺炎，这在加利福尼亚州的赛马中以前没有描述过，可能是由于包括了非赛马马的扩展年龄类别。我们还发现，在败血症和胃肠道感染性疾病的病例中，马的肺部经常受到影响。
