School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China.
Chempluschem. 2022 May;87(5):e202200098. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202200098.
Inspired by biological motors, various artificial nanomachines and DNA motors have been fabricated to manipulate their motion on the nanometer scale, due to the high predictability and programmability of Watson-Crick base pairing. Among them, a fuel-powered DNA nanomachine is essentially a toehold-mediated strand exchange reaction and its driving force mainly comes from the hybridization of fuel DNA. It can be initiated by an input strand and automatically operate with the assistance of fuel DNA, realizing input strand recycle and signal amplification. Meanwhile, it is used as a carrier to load various drugs, such as Dox, siRNA and photosensitizers. Due to its excellent cellular penetrability and biocompatibility, fuel-powered DNA nanomachine usually enables operation inside living systems to execute all kinds of specific tasks according to the well-designed DNA strand displacement reaction, such as biomarker imaging, DNA computing and cancer theranostic applications. Therefore, as a catalytic amplification strategy and intelligent drug release platform, fuel-powered DNA nanomachine has attracted widespread attention in biosensors and cancer therapy. Hence, we present a Review on the design mechanism of fuel-powered DNA nanomachines and recent research advances in bioimaging and cancer therapy. It is hoped that this Review will provide the constructive direction for the design of fuel-powered DNA nanomachines and their applications in biological analysis and cancer treatment.
受生物马达的启发，人们已经制造出各种人工纳米机器和 DNA 马达，以利用 Watson-Crick 碱基配对的高预测性和可编程性在纳米尺度上操纵它们的运动。其中，燃料驱动的 DNA 纳米机器本质上是一种引发链置换反应，其驱动力主要来自燃料 DNA 的杂交。它可以由输入链引发，并在燃料 DNA 的辅助下自动运行，实现输入链的循环和信号的放大。同时，它可以作为载体来负载各种药物，如 Dox、siRNA 和光增敏剂。由于其出色的细胞穿透性和生物相容性，燃料驱动的 DNA 纳米机器通常能够在活体内系统中运行，根据精心设计的 DNA 链置换反应执行各种特定任务，如生物标志物成像、DNA 计算和癌症治疗应用。因此，作为一种催化放大策略和智能药物释放平台，燃料驱动的 DNA 纳米机器在生物传感器和癌症治疗方面引起了广泛关注。因此，我们对燃料驱动的 DNA 纳米机器的设计机制以及在生物成像和癌症治疗方面的最新研究进展进行了综述。希望这篇综述能够为燃料驱动的 DNA 纳米机器的设计及其在生物分析和癌症治疗中的应用提供建设性的方向。
