Badner Anna, Cummings Brian J
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Neural Regen Res. 2022 Nov;17(11):2351-2354. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.335833.
Although there is ample evidence that central nervous system progenitor pools respond to traumatic brain injury, the reported effects are variable and likely contribute to both recovery as well as pathophysiology. Through a better understanding of the diverse progenitor populations in the adult brain and their niche-specific reactions to traumatic insult, treatments can be tailored to enhance the benefits and dampen the deleterious effects of this response. This review provides an overview of endogenous precursors, the associated effects on cognitive recovery, and the potential of exogenous cell therapeutics to modulate these endogenous repair mechanisms. Beyond the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, more recently identified sites of adult neurogenesis, the meninges, as well as circumventricular organs, are also discussed as targets for endogenous repair. Importantly, this review highlights that progenitor proliferation alone is no longer a meaningful outcome and studies must strive to better characterize precursor spatial localization, transcriptional profile, morphology, and functional synaptic integration. With improved insight and a more targeted approach, the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis remains a promising strategy for recovery following traumatic brain injury.
尽管有充分证据表明中枢神经系统祖细胞库会对创伤性脑损伤作出反应，但所报道的效应存在差异，且可能对恢复以及病理生理学都有影响。通过更好地了解成人大脑中不同的祖细胞群体及其对创伤性损伤的特定微环境反应，可以量身定制治疗方法，以增强这种反应的益处并减轻其有害影响。本综述概述了内源性前体细胞、其对认知恢复的相关影响，以及外源性细胞疗法调节这些内源性修复机制的潜力。除了海马齿状回和侧脑室室下区（最近确定的成体神经发生部位）外，最近确定的成体神经发生部位、脑膜以及室周器官也作为内源性修复的靶点进行了讨论。重要的是，本综述强调仅祖细胞增殖已不再是一个有意义的结果，研究必须努力更好地表征前体细胞的空间定位、转录谱、形态和功能性突触整合。随着认识的提高和更具针对性的方法，刺激内源性神经发生仍然是创伤性脑损伤后恢复的一种有前景的策略。
