Liu Xuehui, Zhang Yi, Chen Min, Xiao Chuanxiao, Brooks Keith Gregory, Xia Jianxing, Gao Xiao-Xin, Kanda Hiroyuki, Kinge Sachin, Asiri Abdullah M, Luther Joseph M, Feng Yaqing, Dyson Paul J, Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais Wallis), CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 May 25;14(20):23297-23306. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c24757. Epub 2022 May 10.
The development of a scalable chemical bath deposition (CBD) process facilitates the realization of electron-transporting layers (ETLs) for large-area perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Herein, a method to prepare a uniform and scalable thick ZnSnO ETL by CBD, which yielded high-performance PSMs, is reported. This ZnSnO ETL exhibits excellent electrical properties and enhanced optical transmittance in the visible region. Moreover, the ZnSnO ETL influences the perovskite layer formation, yielding enhanced crystallinity, increased grain size, and a smoother surface, thus facilitating electron extraction and collection from the perovskite to the ETL. ZnSnO thereby yields PSMs with a remarkable photovoltaic performance, low hysteresis index, and high device reproducibility. The champion PSM exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.59%, being among the highest values published so far. In addition, the CBD ZnSnO-based PSMs exhibit high stability, retaining more than 88% of initial efficiency over 1000 h under continuous illumination. This demonstrates that CBD ZnSnO is an appropriate ETL for high-efficiency PSMs and a viable new process for their industrialization.
可扩展化学浴沉积（CBD）工艺的发展推动了大面积钙钛矿太阳能组件（PSM）电子传输层（ETL）的实现。在此，报道了一种通过CBD制备均匀且可扩展的厚ZnSnO ETL的方法，该方法可制备出高性能的PSM。这种ZnSnO ETL在可见光区域表现出优异的电学性能和增强的光学透过率。此外，ZnSnO ETL影响钙钛矿层的形成，使结晶度提高、晶粒尺寸增大且表面更光滑，从而促进电子从钙钛矿向ETL的提取和收集。因此，ZnSnO可制备出具有卓越光伏性能、低滞后指数和高器件重现性的PSM。最佳PSM的功率转换效率（PCE）为22.59%，是迄今为止公布的最高值之一。此外，基于CBD ZnSnO的PSM表现出高稳定性，在连续光照下1000小时内保持超过88%的初始效率。这表明CBD ZnSnO是用于高效PSM的合适ETL，也是其工业化的可行新工艺。
