Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Municipality, Doha, Qatar.
Vet Med Sci. 2022 Jul;8(4):1787-1801. doi: 10.1002/vms3.835. Epub 2022 May 10.
Bats are the natural reservoir host for many pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses, potentially spilling over to humans and domestic animals directly or via an intermediate host. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is the continuation of virus spillover events that have taken place over the last few decades, particularly in Asia and Africa. Therefore, these bat-associated epidemics provide a significant number of hints, including respiratory cellular tropism, more intense susceptibility to these cell types, and overall likely to become a pandemic for the next spillover. In this systematic review, we analysed data to insight, through bat-originated spillover in Asia and Africa. We used STATA/IC-13 software for descriptive statistics and meta-analysis. The random effect of meta-analysis showed that the pooled estimates of case fatality rates of bat-originated viral zoonotic diseases were higher in Africa (61.06%, 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l % = 97.3, p < 0.001). Moreover, estimates of case fatality rates were higher in Ebola (61.06%; 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l % = 97.3, p < 0.001) followed by Nipah (55.19%; 95%CI: 39.29 to 71.09, l % = 94.2, p < 0.001), MERS (18.49%; 95%CI: 8.19 to 28.76, l % = 95.4, p < 0.001) and SARS (10.86%; 95%CI: 6.02 to 15.71, l % = 85.7, p < 0.001) with the overall case fatality rates of 29.86 (95%CI: 29.97 to 48.58, l % = 99.0, p < 0.001). Bat-originated viruses have caused several outbreaks of deadly diseases, including Nipah, Ebola, SARS and MERS in Asia and Africa in a sequential fashion. Nipah virus emerged first in Malaysia, but later, periodic outbreaks were noticed in Bangladesh and India. Similarly, the Ebola virus was detected in the African continent with neurological disorders in humans, like Nipah, seen in the Asian region. Two important coronaviruses, MERS and SARS, were introduced, both with the potential to infect respiratory passages. This paper explores the dimension of spillover events within and/or between bat-human and the epidemiological risk factors, which may lead to another pandemic occurring. Further, these processes enhance the bat-originated virus, which utilises an intermediate host to jump into human species.
蝙蝠是许多致病性和非致病性病毒的天然宿主库，这些病毒可能直接或通过中间宿主溢出到人类和家畜身上。正在持续的 COVID-19 大流行是过去几十年发生的病毒溢出事件的延续，特别是在亚洲和非洲。因此，这些与蝙蝠相关的传染病为我们提供了大量的线索，包括呼吸道细胞嗜性、对这些细胞类型更强烈的易感性，以及总体上可能成为下一次溢出的大流行。在这项系统综述中，我们通过亚洲和非洲的蝙蝠起源溢出事件来分析数据。我们使用了 STATA/IC-13 软件进行描述性统计和荟萃分析。荟萃分析的随机效应表明，非洲蝙蝠源性病毒性人畜共患病的病例死亡率的合并估计值更高（61.06%，95%CI：50.26 至 71.85，I²=97.3%，p<0.001）。此外，埃博拉病毒的病例死亡率估计值更高（61.06%，95%CI：50.26 至 71.85，I²=97.3%，p<0.001），其次是尼帕病毒（55.19%，95%CI：39.29 至 71.09，I²=94.2%，p<0.001）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS）（18.49%，95%CI：8.19 至 28.76，I²=95.4%，p<0.001）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS）（10.86%，95%CI：6.02 至 15.71，I²=85.7%，p<0.001），总病例死亡率为 29.86%（95%CI：29.97 至 48.58，I²=99.0%，p<0.001）。蝙蝠源性病毒在亚洲和非洲以连续的方式引发了几次致命疾病的爆发，包括尼帕病毒、埃博拉病毒、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒。尼帕病毒首先在马来西亚出现，但后来在孟加拉国和印度也发现了周期性爆发。同样，埃博拉病毒在非洲大陆被检测到，其在人类中引起的神经紊乱与亚洲地区的尼帕病毒相似。两种重要的冠状病毒，MERS 和 SARS，被引入，都有可能感染呼吸道。本文探讨了蝙蝠-人类之间以及/或蝙蝠-人类与中间宿主之间溢出事件的范围，以及可能导致另一场大流行的流行病学风险因素。此外，这些过程增强了蝙蝠源性病毒，使其能够利用中间宿主跳跃到人类物种。
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