Department of Media and Communication, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
Patient Educ Couns. 2022 Aug;105(8):2721-2730. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.04.015. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
This review systematically examines the theory base and effectiveness of communication strategies (i.e., message content, message attributes, communication channels, and communicators) of interventions for caregivers to prevent unintentional child injuries.
Relevant articles were searched in the databases Communication and Mass Media Complete, PsycInfo, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, the journal Injury Prevention, and the literature of included studies. A total of 71 articles reporting 67 different studies were included and fully coded. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Coded categories and their frequencies are described, and the effectiveness of different communication strategies is explored with crosstabs.
Only 17 studies stated the use of a specific theory base; Precaution Adoption Process-Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Belief Model were most often used. The message content of most studies aimed at knowledge dissemination; however, addressing behavioral determinants, such as risk perception and self-efficacy, was more effective. About half of the studies did not elaborate on message attributes; calls to action, exemplars, and tailoring were most often used, the latter being most effective. Communication channels ranged from printed products to face-to-face communication and digital media. In addition, studies specifying interpersonal communicators were highly effective.
The results of the review suggest that the following aspects can contribute to effective communication in child injury prevention: theory-based communication, addressing broad knowledge and further behavioral determinants, digital tailoring, and health professionals as communicators. However, a conclusive statement on the effectiveness of different communication strategies is hampered by the fact that they are not specified and/or confounded in many studies.
Communication strategies should be theory based and address, in addition to knowledge, behavioral determinants such as risk perception and self-efficacy. Moreover, digital tailoring is an advanced way of enhancing effectiveness and health professionals, such as pediatricians and clinic staff, are important multipliers.
本综述系统地考察了预防意外伤害的 caregiver干预措施中的沟通策略（即信息内容、信息属性、沟通渠道和沟通者）的理论基础和效果。
在 Communication and Mass Media Complete、PsycInfo、Pubmed 和 Google Scholar 数据库、《伤害预防》杂志以及纳入研究的文献中检索相关文章。共纳入 71 篇文章，报道了 67 项不同的研究，并对其进行了全面编码。使用混合方法评估工具评估质量。描述了编码类别及其频率，并通过交叉表探讨了不同沟通策略的效果。
仅有 17 项研究陈述了使用特定理论基础；预防采用过程模型、计划行为理论和健康信念模型最常被使用。大多数研究的信息内容旨在传播知识；然而，针对风险感知和自我效能等行为决定因素的信息则更为有效。约一半的研究没有详细说明信息属性；行动呼吁、范例和定制化最常被使用，后者最为有效。沟通渠道从印刷产品到面对面沟通和数字媒体不等。此外，指定人际沟通者的研究效果显著。
本综述结果表明，以下方面有助于儿童伤害预防中的有效沟通：基于理论的沟通、针对广泛的知识和进一步的行为决定因素、数字定制化以及作为沟通者的健康专业人员。然而，由于许多研究没有明确规定和/或混淆了不同沟通策略的效果，因此无法对其有效性做出明确的结论。
沟通策略应该基于理论，并除了知识外，还应针对风险感知和自我效能等行为决定因素。此外，数字定制化是提高效果的一种先进方法，儿科医生和诊所工作人员等健康专业人员是重要的传播者。
