Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2022 May 6;38Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e00123421. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00123421. eCollection 2022.
This study aims to evaluate national variation in depression prevalence and in different sociodemographic groups, health behaviors, and macroregions of Brazil from 2013 to 2019. Data were obtained from two nationwide Brazilian surveys - Brazilian National Health Survey 2013 and 2019. Participants aged 18 years or older were included, totaling 60,202 individuals in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. Depression was evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All estimations accounted for the population weights and the complex sampling. The findings showed that during the six years between the two surveys, the prevalence of depression in Brazil increased by 36.7%, going from 7.9% in 2013 to 10.8% in 2019, and this increase is higher among unemployed young adults, aged 18 to 24 years, with the increase in the prevalence of depression almost tripled (3.7 in 2013 and 10.3 in 2019), an increase of 178.4%. Those dwelling in urban areas had a higher increase in the prevalence of depression in the six-year period (39.8%) when compared to residents in rural areas (20.2%). There was an increase in the prevalence of depression from 2013 to 2019 for the worst categories of the three health behaviors included in the study for both men and women: heavy drinking, smoking, and not exercising the recommended level of physical activity. Our results show a significant increase in the prevalence of depression over the six years between the two surveys, mainly among the younger and unemployed men. The country's economic recession during this period may explain these findings.
这项研究旨在评估 2013 年至 2019 年期间巴西不同地区抑郁症患病率以及不同社会人口学群体、健康行为和宏观区域的差异。数据来自巴西全国两项调查——2013 年和 2019 年巴西国家健康调查。研究纳入了年龄在 18 岁及以上的参与者，2013 年共有 60202 人，2019 年共有 88531 人。采用患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）评估抑郁情况。所有估计均考虑了人口权重和复杂抽样。结果显示，在两次调查之间的六年时间里，巴西的抑郁症患病率增加了 36.7%，从 2013 年的 7.9%上升到 2019 年的 10.8%，这种增加在失业的年轻成年人中更为明显，18 至 24 岁人群的患病率增加了近三倍（2013 年为 3.7%，2019 年为 10.3%），增加了 178.4%。与农村地区的居民相比，城市地区的居民在六年期间抑郁症患病率的增长幅度更高（39.8%对 20.2%）。对于研究中包含的三种健康行为（重度饮酒、吸烟和未达到推荐的身体活动水平）最差类别的男性和女性，从 2013 年到 2019 年，抑郁症的患病率都有所上升。我们的研究结果表明，在两次调查之间的六年时间里，抑郁症的患病率显著上升，主要集中在年轻和失业的男性中。在此期间，巴西经济衰退可能解释了这些发现。
