School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Centre for Advanced Mechanisms and Robotics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
Comput Biol Med. 2022 Jul;146:105585. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105585. Epub 2022 May 6.
In this research, we present a personalized simulation training system for percutaneous needle insertion based on virtual reality (VR). Within this system, surgeons can become more familiar with real surgical procedures, thereby reducing errors that may occur in real surgery. Additionally, different VR technologies, i.e., zSpace and Vive, were compared to provide surgeons with a better surgical training environment.
and Methods A VR system combined with the treatment planning system was developed to create personalized patient training environment. An evaluation study recruiting twenty novices was performed to demonstrate the system. Each participant performed six independent needle placements using the VR system. Placement time was recorded. Placement error was defined as the distance from the needle tip to the target center. The participants completed a seven-point Likert scale questionnaire after the simulation.
Compared with Vive, using zspace reduces the placement time (from 90.32 s to 68.94 s). The placement error using zSpace and Vive was similar (1.27 ± 0.68 mm, 1.56 ± 0.81 mm, respectively). The questionnaire survey results show that most participants are highly satisfied with the training effect of the VR system. Participants prefer the operation mode and convenience of zSpace but think that the immersion of Vive is better.
The personalized virtual reality surgical training system was effective as a training system for percutaneous needle insertion. The system based on zSpace had a shorter placement time while maintaining placement accuracy compared to the system based on Vive. The system based on zSpace achieved higher satisfaction in most aspects except for immersion.
本研究提出了一种基于虚拟现实（VR）的经皮穿刺针插入个性化模拟培训系统。在该系统中，外科医生可以更加熟悉实际手术过程，从而减少实际手术中可能出现的错误。此外，还比较了不同的 VR 技术，即 zSpace 和 Vive，为外科医生提供更好的手术培训环境。
开发了一种结合治疗计划系统的 VR 系统，以创建个性化的患者培训环境。招募了 20 名新手进行评估研究，以展示该系统。每位参与者使用 VR 系统进行了 6 次独立的针放置。记录放置时间。放置误差定义为针尖到目标中心的距离。参与者在模拟后完成了七点李克特量表问卷调查。
与 Vive 相比，使用 zspace 可减少放置时间（从 90.32s 减少至 68.94s）。zSpace 和 Vive 的放置误差相似（分别为 1.27±0.68mm 和 1.56±0.81mm）。问卷调查结果表明，大多数参与者对 VR 系统的培训效果非常满意。参与者更喜欢 zSpace 的操作模式和便利性，但认为 Vive 的沉浸感更好。
个性化虚拟现实手术培训系统是一种有效的经皮穿刺针插入培训系统。与基于 Vive 的系统相比，基于 zSpace 的系统在保持放置精度的同时，放置时间更短。基于 zSpace 的系统在大多数方面都实现了更高的满意度，除了沉浸感。
