González-Calvo Inés, Cizeron Mélissa, Bessereau Jean-Louis, Selimi Fekrije
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5284, INSERM U-1314, MeLiS, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Apr 25;16:866444. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.866444. eCollection 2022.
The appearance of synapses was a crucial step in the creation of the variety of nervous systems that are found in the animal kingdom. With increased complexity of the organisms came a greater number of synaptic proteins. In this review we describe synaptic proteins that contain the structural domains CUB, CCP, or TSP-1. These domains are found in invertebrates and vertebrates, and CUB and CCP domains were initially described in proteins belonging to the complement system of innate immunity. Interestingly, they are found in synapses of the nematode , which does not have a complement system, suggesting an ancient function. Comparison of the roles of CUB-, CCP-, and TSP-1 containing synaptic proteins in various species shows that in more complex nervous systems, these structural domains are combined with other domains and that there is partial conservation of their function. These three domains are thus basic building blocks of the synaptic architecture. Further studies of structural domains characteristic of synaptic proteins in invertebrates such as and comparison of their role in mammals will help identify other conserved synaptic molecular building blocks. Furthermore, this type of functional comparison across species will also identify structural domains added during evolution in correlation with increased complexity, shedding light on mechanisms underlying cognition and brain diseases.
突触的出现是动物界中各种神经系统形成过程中的关键一步。随着生物体复杂性的增加，突触蛋白的数量也增多。在本综述中，我们描述了包含CUB、CCP或TSP-1结构域的突触蛋白。这些结构域存在于无脊椎动物和脊椎动物中，CUB和CCP结构域最初是在属于先天免疫补体系统的蛋白质中被描述的。有趣的是，它们存在于没有补体系统的线虫的突触中，这表明其具有古老的功能。对不同物种中含CUB、CCP和TSP-1的突触蛋白作用的比较表明，在更复杂的神经系统中，这些结构域与其他结构域结合，并且其功能存在部分保守性。因此，这三个结构域是突触结构的基本组成部分。对无脊椎动物（如 ）中突触蛋白特有的结构域进行进一步研究，并比较它们在哺乳动物中的作用，将有助于识别其他保守的突触分子组成部分。此外，这种跨物种的功能比较还将识别在进化过程中随着复杂性增加而添加的结构域，从而揭示认知和脑部疾病的潜在机制。
