Hoy M Katherine, Murayi Theophile, Moshfegh Alanna J
Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2022 Mar 17;6(5):nzac035. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzac035. eCollection 2022 May.
Dietary recommendations encourage consuming protein from a variety of plant and animal sources. Evaluating the diet of US adults by level of animal protein (AP) intake can inform dietary assessment and nutrition education.
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate percentage of total protein intake from animal sources by US adults to compare diet quality, and intake from USDA Food Patterns (FP) groups by quintiles of AP.
One day dietary intake data from adults 20+ y (N = 9566) in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES 2015-2018 were used. Proportions of total protein intake from animal and plant sources and the USDA FP groups were estimated from the ingredients in the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2015-2018, then applied to the dietary intakes. The 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used as an indicator of diet quality. The USDA FP groups were used to describe the contribution of animal and plant foods to total protein intake. Data were analyzed by quintile (Q) of AP protein intake; comparisons were made using pairwise t-tests with adjustments for covariates using survey sample weights. Results were considered significant at <0.001.
Total mean protein intakes ranged from 62 (Q1) to 104 g (Q5) (all comparisons <0.001). Total HEI score (possible 100) of Q1 was slightly higher (54.2) (<0.001) compared with Q1-Q4 (range: 48.0-50.3), which did not differ significantly from each other. Contributions of plant FP components to total protein intake of Q1 to Q5, respectively, were 15% to 1% from nuts/seeds, legumes, and soy products combined; 35 to 10% from grains. The contribution of animal FP components were 19-66% from meat/poultry/seafood, 14-19% dairy, and 3-5% eggs.
The intake of foods considered to be good sources of plant protein was low. The overall diet quality of all adults was suboptimal regardless of plant protein intake.
饮食建议鼓励从各种植物和动物来源摄入蛋白质。通过动物蛋白（AP）摄入量水平评估美国成年人的饮食可以为饮食评估和营养教育提供信息。
这项横断面研究的目的是估计美国成年人从动物来源摄入的蛋白质占总蛋白质摄入量的百分比，以比较饮食质量，并按AP五分位数比较美国农业部食物模式（FP）组的摄入量。
使用了2015 - 2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中“美国饮食摄入情况（WWEIA）”项目里20岁及以上成年人（N = 9566）一天的饮食摄入数据。根据2015 - 2018年饮食研究食物和营养数据库中的成分，估计动物和植物来源以及美国农业部FP组的总蛋白质摄入量比例，然后将其应用于饮食摄入量。2015年健康饮食指数（HEI）用作饮食质量的指标。美国农业部FP组用于描述动物和植物性食物对总蛋白质摄入量的贡献。数据按AP蛋白质摄入量的五分位数（Q）进行分析；使用成对t检验进行比较，并使用调查样本权重对协变量进行调整。结果在<0.001时被认为具有显著性。
总平均蛋白质摄入量范围为62克（Q1）至104克（Q5）（所有比较<0.001）。Q1的总HEI得分（满分100）略高于Q1 - Q4（范围：48.0 - 50.3）（<0.001），而Q1 - Q4之间无显著差异。植物FP成分对Q1至Q5总蛋白质摄入量的贡献分别为：坚果/种子、豆类和大豆制品合计占15%至1%；谷物占35%至10%。动物FP成分的贡献为：肉类/家禽/海鲜占19% - 66%，乳制品占14% - 19%，蛋类占3% - 5%。
被认为是植物蛋白良好来源的食物摄入量较低。无论植物蛋白摄入量如何，所有成年人的总体饮食质量都不理想。
