Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Universitari de La Santa Creu de Vic, Vic, Spain.
Central Catalonia Chronicity Research Group (C3RG), Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 May 12;22(1):417. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03107-2.
BACKGROUND: Older patients tend to have multimorbidity, represented by multiple chronic diseases or geriatric conditions, which leads to a growing number of prescribed medications. As a result, pharmacological prescription has become a major concern because of the increased difficulties to ensure appropriate prescription in older adults. The study's main objectives were to characterize a cohort of older adults with multimorbidity, carry out a medication review and compare the pharmacological data before and after the medication review globally and according to the frailty index. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental (uncontrolled pre-post) study with a cohort of patients ≥ 65 years old with multimorbidity. Data were collected from June 2019 to October 2020. Variables assessed included demographic, clinical, and pharmacological data, degree of frailty (Frail-VIG index), medication regimen complexity index, anticholinergic and or sedative burden index, and monthly drug expenditure. Finally, a medication review was carried out by an interdisciplinary team (primary care team and a consultant team with a geriatrician and a clinical pharmacist) by applying the Patient-Centered Prescription model to align the treatment with care goals. RESULTS: Four hundred twenty-eight patients were recruited [66.6% women; mean age 85.5 (SD 7.67)]. The mean frail index was 0.39 (SD 0.13), corresponding with moderate frailty. Up to 90% of patients presented at least one inappropriate prescription, and the mean of inappropriate prescriptions per patient was 3.14 (SD 2.27). At the three-month follow-up [mortality of 17.7% (n = 76)], the mean chronic medications per patient decreased by 17.96%, varying from 8.13 (SD 3.87) to 6.67 (SD 3.72) (p < 0.001). The medication regimen complexity index decreased by 19.03%, from 31.0 (SD 16.2) to 25.1 (SD 15.1), and the drug burden index mean decreased by 8.40%, from 1.19 (SD 0.82) to 1.09 (SD 0.82) (p < 0.001). A decrease in polypharmacy, medication regimen complexity index, and drug burden index was more frequent among frail patients, especially those with severe frailty (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An individualized medication review in frail older patients, applying the Patient-Centered Prescription model, decreases pharmacological parameters related to adverse drug effects, such as polypharmacy, therapeutical complexity, and anticholinergic and, or sedative burden. The benefits are for patients with frailty.
背景:老年患者往往患有多种疾病,表现为多种慢性疾病或老年病,这导致他们需要服用更多的药物。因此,药物处方已成为一个主要问题,因为确保老年人的药物使用合理变得更加困难。本研究的主要目的是描述一组患有多种疾病的老年患者的特征,进行药物审查,并根据脆弱指数对全球和全球药物审查前后的药物数据进行比较。
方法:这是一项准实验(无对照前后)研究,涉及≥65 岁的患有多种疾病的患者队列。数据收集于 2019 年 6 月至 2020 年 10 月。评估的变量包括人口统计学、临床和药物数据、脆弱程度(Frail-VIG 指数)、药物方案复杂性指数、抗胆碱能和/或镇静剂负担指数以及每月药物支出。最后,由一个多学科团队(初级保健团队和一个由老年病学家和临床药剂师组成的顾问团队)进行药物审查,应用以患者为中心的处方模式使治疗与护理目标保持一致。
结果:共纳入 428 名患者[66.6%为女性;平均年龄 85.5(SD 7.67)岁]。脆弱指数平均为 0.39(SD 0.13),对应中度脆弱。高达 90%的患者至少有一种不适当的处方,平均每位患者的不适当处方数为 3.14(SD 2.27)。在三个月的随访中[死亡率为 17.7%(n=76)],每位患者的慢性药物数量平均减少了 17.96%,从 8.13(SD 3.87)降至 6.67(SD 3.72)(p<0.001)。药物方案复杂性指数下降 19.03%,从 31.0(SD 16.2)降至 25.1(SD 15.1),药物负担指数平均值下降 8.40%,从 1.19(SD 0.82)降至 1.09(SD 0.82)(p<0.001)。脆弱患者,特别是严重脆弱患者,药物使用数量、药物方案复杂性指数和药物负担指数下降更为频繁(p<0.001)。
结论:在脆弱的老年患者中应用以患者为中心的处方模式进行个体化药物审查,可以降低与药物不良反应相关的药理学参数,如多药治疗、治疗复杂性以及抗胆碱能和/或镇静剂负担。受益人群为脆弱患者。
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