Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder (2018RU006), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China.
Transl Psychiatry. 2022 May 12;12(1):199. doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-01929-7.
Perceived stress impairs cognitive function across the adult lifespan, but the extent to which cognition decline is variable across individuals. Individual differences in the stress response are described as personality traits. Substantial individual differences in the magnitude of cognitive impairment that is induced by short-term perceived stress are poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that the relationship between short-term perceived stress and different aspects of cognition is mediated by personality traits. The study included 1066 participants with behavior and neuroimaging data from the Human Connectome Project after excluding individuals with missing variables. In the result, the parallel multiple mediation model demonstrated that the influence of perceived stress on the total and crystalized cognition is mainly mediated by neuroticism (indirect effect = -0.04, p < 0.05) and conscientiousness (indirect effect = 0.05, p < 0.05) in adults. Cortical thickness value (n = 1066) of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) showed not only positive correlations with short-term perceived stress and neuroticism, but negative associations with cognition. The chain mediation model found that the right SFG and neuroticism play a small but significant chain mediating effect between stress and total cognition. The strength of the resting-state functional connectivity (n = 968) between the left orbitofrontal cortex versus the left superior medial frontal cortex was positively correlated with crystallized cognition and negatively associated with conscientiousness. These results extend previous findings by the impacts of short-term perceived stress on cognitive function is mediated by neuroticism and the right SFG was the underlying neural mechanism.
感知压力会损害整个成年期的认知功能，但个体之间的认知下降程度存在差异。应激反应的个体差异被描述为个性特征。短期感知压力引起的认知障碍的个体差异程度很大程度上仍未被理解。本研究检验了以下假设：短期感知压力与认知不同方面之间的关系是由个性特征介导的。该研究包括 1066 名参与者，他们来自人类连接组计划（Human Connectome Project），在排除了具有缺失变量的个体后，他们具有行为和神经影像学数据。结果表明，平行多重中介模型表明，感知压力对总认知和晶体认知的影响主要由神经质（间接效应=-0.04，p<0.05）和尽责性（间接效应=0.05，p<0.05）介导。右额上回（SFG）的皮质厚度值（n=1066）不仅与短期感知压力和神经质呈正相关，而且与认知呈负相关。链式中介模型发现，右 SFG 和神经质在压力与总认知之间发挥着微小但显著的链式中介作用。静息态功能连接（n=968）的左眶额皮质与左额上回内侧皮质之间的强度与晶体认知呈正相关，与尽责性呈负相关。这些结果扩展了先前的发现，即短期感知压力对认知功能的影响是由神经质和右 SFG 介导的，而右 SFG 是潜在的神经机制。
