Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239.
J Neurosci. 2022 Jun 15;42(24):4867-4878. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0816-21.2022. Epub 2022 May 12.
The predisposition to engage in autonomous habitual behaviors has been associated with behavioral disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. Attentional set-shifting tasks (ASSTs), which incorporate changes governing the association of discriminative stimuli with contingent reinforcement, are commonly used to measure underlying processes of cognitive/behavioral flexibility. The purpose of this study was to identify primate brain networks that mediate trait-like deficits in ASST performance using resting-state fMRI. A self-pacing ASST was administered to three cohorts of rhesus monkeys (total = 35, 18 female). Increased performance over 30 consecutive sessions segregated the monkeys into two populations, termed High Performers (HP, = 17) and Low Performers (LP, = 17), with one anomaly. Compared with LPs, HPs had higher rates of improving performance over sessions and completed the 8 sets/sessions with fewer errors. LP monkeys, on the other hand, spent most of each session in the first set and often did not acquire the first reversal. A whole-brain independent components analysis of resting-state fMRI under isoflurane identified four strong networks. Of these, a dual regression analysis revealed that a designated "executive control network," differed between HPs and LPs. Specific areas of connectivity in the rhesus executive control network, including frontal cortices (ventrolateral, ventromedial, and orbital) and the dorsal striatum (caudate, putamen) correlated with perseverative errors and response latency. Overall, the results identify trait-like characteristics of behavioral flexibility that are associated with correlated brain activity involving specific nuclei of frontostriatal networks. Resting state functional connectivity MRI in rhesus monkeys identified specific nuclei in frontostriatal circuitry that were associated with population differences in perseverative and impulsive aspects of cognitive flexibility.
参与自主习惯性行为的倾向与行为障碍有关，例如强迫症和成瘾。注意定势转移任务（ASST），其中包含改变控制辨别刺激与偶然强化之间关联的变化，通常用于测量认知/行为灵活性的潜在过程。本研究的目的是使用静息态 fMRI 识别介导 ASST 表现特质缺陷的灵长类动物大脑网络。对三个恒河猴队列（共 35 只，18 只雌性）进行了自我调节 ASST。在 30 个连续的测试中，表现的提高将猴子分为两个群体，称为高表现者（HP，= 17）和低表现者（LP，= 17），其中有一个异常。与 LP 相比，HP 在测试期间提高表现的速度更快，并且以更少的错误完成 8 组/测试。另一方面，LP 猴子在每次测试的大部分时间都停留在第一组，并且经常没有完成第一个反转。异氟醚下静息态 fMRI 的全脑独立成分分析确定了四个强大的网络。其中，双回归分析显示，一个指定的“执行控制网络”在 HP 和 LP 之间存在差异。恒河猴执行控制网络中的特定连接区域，包括额叶皮质（腹外侧、腹内侧和眶额）和背侧纹状体（尾状核、壳核）与坚持错误和反应潜伏期相关。总的来说，这些结果确定了行为灵活性的特质特征，这些特征与涉及额纹状体网络特定核的相关大脑活动有关。恒河猴的静息状态功能连接 MRI 确定了额纹状体电路中的特定核，这些核与认知灵活性的坚持和冲动方面的群体差异相关。
