Utah State University.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2022 Jul;118(1):59-82. doi: 10.1002/jeab.766. Epub 2022 May 12.
The present experiment investigated the effects of 1) repeated exposures to escalating punishment intensities and 2) repeated exposure to punishment after periods of vacation on response allocation between punished and unpunished responding in three groups of rats. The first group (intensity + vacation) experienced repeated exposures to escalating punishment intensities after a period of vacation (i.e., return to baseline) from punishment. The second group (intensity-only) experienced repeated exposures to escalating punishment intensities without vacation from punishment. The third group (vacation-only) experienced repeated exposures to a constant punishment intensity after a period of vacation from punishment. Results showed that superimposition of punishment on one of two concurrently available responses decreased allocation toward the punished response and increased allocation toward the unpunished response. Furthermore, greater changes in allocation were observed with the introduction of a moderate constant intensity than with the introduction of a low intensity that increased across sessions. Reexposure to punishment had different effects between the groups. Although there was evidence that high shock intensities can enhance the efficacy of lower intensities to shift allocation away from the punished response and toward the unpunished response, there was little evidence of changes in response allocation with reintroduction of punishment after a period of vacation.
1）重复暴露于递增的惩罚强度；2）在假期结束后重复暴露于惩罚；3）在假期结束后重复暴露于恒定的惩罚强度。第一组（强度+假期）在经历一段惩罚假期（即回到基线）后，重复暴露于递增的惩罚强度。第二组（仅强度）在没有惩罚假期的情况下重复暴露于递增的惩罚强度。第三组（仅假期）在经历一段惩罚假期后，重复暴露于恒定的惩罚强度。结果表明，在两个同时存在的反应中叠加惩罚会减少对受惩罚反应的分配，增加对未受惩罚反应的分配。此外，引入中等强度的恒定强度比引入随时间增加的低强度会导致更大的分配变化。在不同的组中，重新暴露于惩罚会产生不同的影响。虽然有证据表明高强度冲击可以增强低强度冲击的效果，从而使分配从受惩罚的反应转移到未受惩罚的反应，但在假期结束后重新引入惩罚时，反应分配几乎没有变化。
