Effect of degeneration on bone mineral density, trabecular bone score and CT Hounsfield unit measurements in a spine surgery patient population.

UNLABELLED

This study investigated the impact of spinal degeneration on bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS), and CT Hounsfield units in an at-risk population. We found that BMD was increased by degeneration, whereas TBS and HU were unaffected. These findings support that TBS is not adversely affected by spinal degeneration.

INTRODUCTION

This study evaluated the impact of spinal degeneration on BMD and TBS measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and on CT HU in a spine surgery patient population.

METHODS

A retrospective study of 63 patients referred for consideration of spine surgery or with history of spine surgery was performed. Patients were included if a DXA scan and a CT containing the lumbar spine were obtained within 18 months of each other. DXA data were collected and analyzed by vertebral level. Individual vertebrae were assessed for degenerative changes by qualitative evaluation of the anterior and posterior elements using CT. Degeneration scores were compared to BMD T-scores, TBS and CT HU at individual vertebral levels L1-4, and after applying International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) criteria for excluding vertebrae from diagnostic consideration.

RESULTS

Mean patient age and BMI were 67.2 years and 27.8 kg/m, respectively; 79.4% were female. Mean (SD) lowest T-scores of the hip, spine, and lowest overall T-score were - 1.3 (1.4), - 1.7 (0.9), and - 1.9 (1.0), respectively. Osteoporosis was present by T-score in 38% and osteopenia in 52%; 10% had a history of osteoporotic fracture. The mean degeneration score of individual vertebrae was 4.1 on a 0-6 scale. T-score correlated moderately with degeneration score (Spearman's rho 0.484, p < 0.001), whereas TBS and HU were unrelated. ISCD excluded vertebrae had a higher degeneration score than included vertebrae (p =  < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

In a spine surgery population, TBS and CT HU values are unrelated to degeneration score and thus appear unaffected by lumbar vertebral degenerative changes. Additionally, these data support the ISCD criteria for vertebral exclusion.