Jia Longzhou, Wang Dong, Yin Tao, Li Xichao, Li Liwei, Dai Zuoqiang, Zheng Lili
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Engineering Technology Center of Power Integration and Energy Storage System, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
ACS Omega. 2022 Apr 19;7(17):14562-14570. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06495. eCollection 2022 May 3.
Recently, fire and explosion accidents associated with lithium ion battery failure occurred frequently. Safety has become one of the main constraints on the wide application of lithium ion batteries in the field of electric vehicles (EVs). By using a simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA8000) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC), we studied the thermal stability of high nickel battery materials and the high temperature thermal runaway of the battery, combining the two experimental results to analyze the battery thermal runaway process. We studied the temperature difference between inside and outside during thermal runaway by arranging two temperature sensors inside and outside the battery. The chemical reactions of the battery at high temperature through the thermal performance of the anode, cathode, and separator are also revealed. In-depth exploration of the occurrence process and the trigger mechanism of thermal runaway of lithium batteries was made. The main findings of the study are as follows: The temperature at which the anode materials begin to decompose is 77.13 °C, caused by decomposition of the solid electrolyte interface and the temperature at which the cathode materials begin to decompose is 227.09 °C. The maximum surface temperature of the battery during thermal runaway is 641.41 °C; and the maximum inside temperature of the battery is 1117.80 °C. The time difference between the maximum temperatures inside and outside the battery is 40 s. The thermal runaway temperature of the battery is 228.47 °C, which is mainly contributed by the internal short circuit of the anode and cathode to release Joule heat and the cathode/electrolyte reaction. The maximum temperature of is 642.65 °C, which is mainly caused by the reaction between oxygen and electrolyte.
近年来，与锂离子电池故障相关的火灾和爆炸事故频繁发生。安全已成为锂离子电池在电动汽车领域广泛应用的主要制约因素之一。通过使用同步热分析仪（STA8000）和加速量热仪（ARC），我们研究了高镍电池材料的热稳定性以及电池的高温热失控情况，结合这两个实验结果来分析电池热失控过程。我们通过在电池内部和外部布置两个温度传感器来研究热失控期间的内部和外部温差。还通过阳极、阴极和隔膜的热性能揭示了电池在高温下的化学反应。对锂电池热失控的发生过程和触发机制进行了深入探索。该研究的主要发现如下：阳极材料开始分解的温度为77.13℃，这是由固体电解质界面的分解引起的，阴极材料开始分解的温度为227.09℃。热失控期间电池的最高表面温度为641.41℃；电池的最高内部温度为1117.80℃。电池内部和外部最高温度之间的时间差为40秒。电池的热失控温度为228.47℃，这主要是由阳极和阴极的内部短路释放焦耳热以及阴极/电解质反应造成的。最高温度为642.65℃，这主要是由氧气与电解质之间的反应引起的。
