Ferreira Bruno, Morais Duarte B, Jakes Susan, Brothers Gene, Brookins Craig
School of Community Resources and Development, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
HU-ASU International Tourism College, HAITC - Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 26;13:875096. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875096. eCollection 2022.
Tourism microentrepreneurship is an important farm diversification strategy, also contributing to the competitiveness of the destination. However, psychological and structural constraints seem to hold back farmers when it comes to starting or expanding tourism operations. We argue that social capital derived from farmers' social networks affords sources of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which boosts entrepreneurial intention. Analysis of survey data from 207 farmers in North Carolina revealed an adequate SEM model fit and strong significant relationships between bridging social capital and tourism microentrepreneurial self-efficacy. Internal self-efficacy factors were strongly and significantly associated with entrepreneurial intention. Triangulation with qualitative data from participatory-action research reinforced the importance of informal networking processes to model entrepreneurial behavior that boosts self-efficacy and reaffirms microentrepreneurial intentions. However, external self-efficacy was not significantly associated with farmers' entrepreneurial intentions, which may be attributable to ambiguous agritourism policy.
旅游微型创业是一种重要的农业多样化战略，也有助于提升目的地的竞争力。然而，在开展或扩大旅游业务方面，心理和结构上的限制似乎阻碍了农民。我们认为，农民社交网络产生的社会资本提供了创业自我效能感的来源，从而增强了创业意愿。对北卡罗来纳州207位农民的调查数据分析显示，结构方程模型拟合良好，且桥接型社会资本与旅游微型创业自我效能感之间存在显著的强关系。内部自我效能感因素与创业意愿密切且显著相关。参与式行动研究的定性数据三角验证强化了非正式网络过程对于塑造增强自我效能感并再次确认微型创业意愿的创业行为的重要性。然而，外部自我效能感与农民的创业意愿并无显著关联，这可能归因于模糊的农业旅游政策。
