Daniel Neil, Bouras Emmanouil, Tsilidis Konstantinos K, Hughes David J
Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 25;9:842315. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.842315. eCollection 2022.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which since 2019 has caused over 5 million deaths to date. The pathogenicity of the virus is highly variable ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Evidence from experimental and observational studies suggests that circulating micronutrients may affect COVID-19 outcomes.
To complement and inform observational studies, we investigated the associations of genetically predicted concentrations of 12 micronutrients (β-carotene, calcium, copper, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, and zinc) with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and COVID-19 severity using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Two-sample MR was conducted using 87,870 individuals of European descent with a COVID-19 diagnosis and 2,210,804 controls from the COVID-19 host genetics initiative. Inverse variance-weighted MR analyses were performed with sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of potential violations of MR assumptions.
Compared to the general population, nominally significant associations were noted for higher genetically predicted vitamin B-6 (Odds ratio per standard deviation [ ]: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.13; -value = 0.036) and lower magnesium concentrations ( : 0.33; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.96; = 0.042) with COVID-19 infection risk. However, the association for magnesium was not consistent in some sensitivity analyses, and sensitivity analyses could not be performed for vitamin B-6 as only two genetic instruments were available. Genetically predicted levels of calcium, folate, β-carotene, copper, iron, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, selenium, phosphorus, or zinc were not associated with the outcomes from COVID-19 disease.
These results, though based only on genetically predicated circulating micronutrient concentrations, provide scant evidence for possible associations of micronutrients with COVID-19 outcomes.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起，自2019年以来，该病毒已导致超过500万人死亡。病毒的致病性差异很大，从无症状到致命不等。实验和观察性研究的证据表明，循环中的微量营养素可能会影响COVID-19的病情转归。
为补充和完善观察性研究，我们利用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法，研究了12种微量营养素（β-胡萝卜素、钙、铜、叶酸、铁、镁、磷、硒、维生素B-6、维生素B-12、维生素D和锌）的遗传预测浓度与SARS-CoV-2感染风险及COVID-19严重程度之间的关联。
采用两样本MR方法，纳入了来自COVID-19宿主遗传学倡议的87870名有COVID-19诊断的欧洲血统个体和2210804名对照。进行了逆方差加权MR分析，并进行敏感性分析以评估潜在违反MR假设的影响。
与普通人群相比，遗传预测的维生素B-6水平较高（每标准差[ ]的优势比：1.06；95%置信区间[CI]：1.00，1.13； -值 = 0.036）和镁浓度较低（ ：0.33；95%CI：0.11，0.96； = 0.042）与COVID-19感染风险存在名义上的显著关联。然而，镁的关联在一些敏感性分析中并不一致，且由于仅有两个遗传工具变量，无法对维生素B-6进行敏感性分析。遗传预测的钙、叶酸、β-胡萝卜素、铜、铁、维生素B-12、维生素D、硒、磷或锌水平与COVID-19疾病的病情转归无关。
这些结果虽然仅基于遗传预测的循环微量营养素浓度，但几乎没有证据表明微量营养素与COVID-19病情转归之间可能存在关联。
