Kłosowska Anna, Kuchta Agnieszka, Ćwiklińska Agnieszka, Sałaga-Zaleska Kornelia, Jankowski Maciej, Kłosowski Przemysław, Mański Arkadiusz, Zwiefka Michał, Anikiej-Wiczenbach Paulina, Wierzba Jolanta
Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Transl Pediatr. 2022 Apr;11(4):505-513. doi: 10.21037/tp-21-424.
The relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and somatic development, especially growth, has been demonstrated in various groups of children. Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by short stature, overweight, and cognitive impairment. The objective of our work was to assess whether anthropometric measurements [weight, height, body mass index (BMI)] of children with DS correlate with their IQ. The results of the study may be valuable for this population in the light of increasing access to growth hormone therapy (GHT) in various genetic syndromes with short stature. Based on previous studies on children, we hypothesized that a link exists between IQ and somatic development, particularly growth.
This cross-sectional study included 40 children with DS, who were aged 9-18 years. The studied population was selected from the registry of the Genetic Clinic at the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk (Poland). Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were taken for all the children, and their BMI was determined using these data. The obtained results were plotted on charts for children with DS. The IQ of the children was assessed using the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition. The correlations between IQ and anthropometric data were analyzed using univariate correlation and multiple regression analyses.
The results showed that full-scale, verbal, and nonverbal IQ correlated with height percentile (P=0.03, P=0.02, and P=0.04, respectively), but not with weight (P=0.26, P=0.19, and P=0.61, respectively) or BMI (P=0.6, P=0.5, and P=0.72, respectively). In multiple linear regression analysis, height percentile remained as an independent determinant of the IQ results after adjusting for birth weight, hypothyroidism with L-thyroxine replacement therapy, and congenital cardiac defect (β=0.48, P=0.018).
The results of our study suggest an association between growth and IQ in children with DS. The presented findings may be valuable for improving access to GHT for populations with genetic syndromes characterized by short stature. However, these should be confirmed by further research with a longitudinal sample of children with DS.
在不同儿童群体中，智商（IQ）与身体发育，尤其是生长之间的关系已得到证实。唐氏综合征（DS）的特征是身材矮小、超重和认知障碍。我们研究的目的是评估DS患儿的人体测量指标[体重、身高、体重指数（BMI）]是否与其智商相关。鉴于身材矮小的各种遗传综合征中生长激素治疗（GHT）的可及性增加，本研究结果可能对该人群具有重要价值。基于先前对儿童的研究，我们假设智商与身体发育，特别是生长之间存在联系。
这项横断面研究纳入了40名年龄在9至18岁的DS患儿。研究人群选自格但斯克大学临床中心（波兰）遗传诊所的登记册。对所有儿童进行人体测量（体重和身高），并根据这些数据确定其BMI。将获得的结果绘制在DS患儿的图表上。使用斯坦福-比奈智力量表第五版评估儿童的智商。使用单变量相关性和多元回归分析来分析智商与人体测量数据之间的相关性。
结果显示，全量表、言语和非言语智商与身高百分位数相关（分别为P = 0.03、P = 0.02和P = 0.04），但与体重（分别为P = 0.26、P = 0.19和P = 0.61）或BMI（分别为P = 0.6、P = 0.5和P = 0.72）无关。在多元线性回归分析中，在调整出生体重、左甲状腺素替代治疗的甲状腺功能减退症和先天性心脏缺陷后，身高百分位数仍然是智商结果的独立决定因素（β = 0.48，P = 0.018）。
我们的研究结果表明DS患儿的生长与智商之间存在关联。所呈现的研究结果可能对改善身材矮小的遗传综合征人群获得GHT的机会具有重要价值。然而，这些结果应由对DS患儿的纵向样本进行的进一步研究来证实。
