Thiol modified bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles for removal and determination toxic vanadium from air and human biological samples in petrochemical workers.

Investigation of exposure to toxic vanadium (V) in petrochemical workers is very important for human health, and it must be removed and determined in workplace air and human biological samples. In this research, the enriched adsorbent based on the thiol modified bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HS-UVM) was used for the extraction vanadium in human blood by the dispersive sonication ionic liquid micro solid phase extraction (DS-IL-μ-SPE) at pH of 4.5. In addition, the vanadium (V) was removed from the industrial workplace air based on HS-UVM adsorbent by the liquid-solid phase-gas removal (LSP-GR). In the static and dynamic system, the vanadium (V) was removed from artificial air with HS-UVM and compared with the polyvinyl chloride membrane (PCM, sorbent in 7300 NIOSH). The LSP-GR procedure based on HS-UVM had more recovery and adsorption capacity as compared to PCM. The adsorption capacity of HS-UVM and UVM adsorbents were obtained 144.1 mg g and 23.3 mg g, respectively. In addition, the main parameters effected on extraction vanadium in blood samples and removal from air were studied and optimized by ET-AAS. The LOD, RSD%, linear range (LR) and enrichment factor (EF) was achieved 0.03 μg L, 3.1, 0.1-4.5 μg L and 48.7, respectively for extraction of vanadium in 10 mL of blood samples by the DS-IL-MSPE procedure. The validation of the methodology was confirmed by standard addition to gas phase and using certified reference materials (CRM, NIST) or ICP-MS in human blood samples.