Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Korea.
Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea.
J Exp Bot. 2022 May 13;73(9):2799-2816. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab509.
Plants are sessile organisms that have developed hydrophobic cuticles that cover their aerial epidermal cells to protect them from terrestrial stresses. The cuticle layer is mainly composed of cutin, a polyester of hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids, and cuticular wax, a mixture of very-long-chain fatty acids (>20 carbon atoms) and their derivatives, aldehydes, alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and wax esters. During the last 30 years, forward and reverse genetic, transcriptomic, and biochemical approaches have enabled the identification of key enzymes, transporters, and regulators involved in the biosynthesis of cutin and cuticular waxes. In particular, cuticular wax biosynthesis is significantly influenced in an organ-specific manner or by environmental conditions, and is controlled using a variety of regulators. Recent studies on the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis have enabled us to understand how plants finely control carbon metabolic pathways to balance between optimal growth and development and defense against abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels.
植物是固着生物，它们已经进化出疏水的角质层，覆盖在其气生表皮细胞上，以保护它们免受陆地压力的影响。角质层主要由角质组成，这是一种羟基和环氧脂肪酸的聚酯，以及角质层蜡，这是一种非常长链脂肪酸（>20 个碳原子）及其衍生物、醛、烷烃、酮、醇和蜡酯的混合物。在过去的 30 年中，正向和反向遗传学、转录组学和生物化学方法已经能够鉴定参与角质和角质层蜡生物合成的关键酶、转运蛋白和调节剂。特别是，角质层蜡的生物合成以器官特异性或环境条件的方式显著受到影响，并受到多种调节剂的控制。最近关于角质层蜡生物合成调控机制的研究使我们能够理解植物如何精细地控制碳代谢途径，在最佳生长和发育与抵御非生物和生物胁迫之间取得平衡。在这篇综述中，我们总结了转录、转录后、翻译后和表观遗传水平上角质层蜡生物合成的调控机制。
