National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
J Exp Bot. 2022 May 13;73(9):2859-2874. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab472.
Vegetable oils are an indispensable nutritional component of the human diet as well as important raw materials for a variety of industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, oleochemicals, and biofuels. Oil plant genomes are highly diverse, and their genetic variation leads to a diversity in oil biosynthesis and accumulation along with agronomic traits. This review discusses plant oil biosynthetic pathways, current state of genome assembly, polyploidy and asymmetric evolution of genomes of oil plants and their wild relatives, and research progress of pan-genomics in oil plants. The availability of complete high-resolution genomes and pan-genomes has enabled the identification of structural variations in the genomes that are associated with the diversity of agronomic and environment fitness traits. These and future genomes also provide powerful tools to understand crop evolution and to harvest the rich natural variations to improve oil crops for enhanced productivity, oil quality, and adaptability to changing environments.
植物油是人类饮食中不可或缺的营养成分，也是医药、化妆品、油脂化学品和生物燃料等多种工业应用的重要原料。油料植物基因组高度多样化，其遗传变异导致油脂生物合成和积累以及农艺性状的多样性。本文讨论了植物油脂生物合成途径、基因组组装的现状、油料植物及其野生近缘种的基因组多倍体和不对称进化，以及油料植物泛基因组学的研究进展。完整的高分辨率基因组和泛基因组的出现，使得与农艺和环境适应性性状多样性相关的基因组结构变异得以鉴定。这些和未来的基因组也为理解作物进化和利用丰富的自然变异提供了有力工具，以改良油脂作物，提高生产力、油脂品质和对环境变化的适应性。
