Wu Sijia, Li Huajian, Futaba Don N, Chen Guohai, Chen Chen, Zhou Kechen, Zhang Qifan, Li Miao, Ye Zonglin, Xu Ming
School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan.
Adv Mater. 2022 Dec;34(52):e2201046. doi: 10.1002/adma.202201046. Epub 2022 Sep 30.
Extreme environments represent numerous harsh environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, corrosion, and radiation. The tolerance of applications in extreme environments exemplifies significant challenges to both materials and their structures. Given the superior mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and chemical stability of nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, they are widely investigated as base materials for extreme environmental applications and have shown numerous breakthroughs in the fields of wide-temperature structural-material construction, low-temperature energy storage, underwater sensing, and electronics operated at high temperatures. Here, the critical aspects of structural design and fabrication of nanocarbon materials for extreme environments are reviewed, including a description of the underlying mechanism supporting the performance of nanocarbon materials against extreme environments, the principles of structural design of nanocarbon materials for the optimization of extreme environmental performances, and the fabrication processes developed for the realization of specific extreme environmental applications. Finally, perspectives on how CNTs and graphene can further contribute to the development of extreme environmental applications are presented.
极端环境代表着众多恶劣的环境条件，如温度、压力、腐蚀和辐射。极端环境中应用的耐受性对材料及其结构都构成了重大挑战。鉴于碳纳米管（CNT）和石墨烯等纳米碳材料具有优异的机械强度、导电性、热稳定性和化学稳定性，它们作为极端环境应用的基础材料受到广泛研究，并在宽温结构材料构建、低温储能、水下传感以及高温运行电子学等领域取得了众多突破。在此，对用于极端环境的纳米碳材料的结构设计和制造的关键方面进行综述，包括描述支持纳米碳材料抵御极端环境性能的潜在机制、用于优化极端环境性能的纳米碳材料结构设计原理，以及为实现特定极端环境应用而开发的制造工艺。最后，阐述了碳纳米管和石墨烯如何能进一步推动极端环境应用发展的观点。
