University of Coimbra, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal.
CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 13;22(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03321-2.
Puberty is a period of intense changes in human body and, additionally, participation in sports is viewed as prominent form of physical activity among male adolescent athletes. The current study was aimed to examine the intra-individual changes in body composition and bone tissue during years of maximal growth and the effect of 12-month participation in sports contrasting in mechanical impact.
The sample included 40 male adolescent athletes (soccer: n = 20; swimming: n = 20) aged 12.57 ± 0.37 years who were followed for 12 months. Stature and body mass were measured, bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD), lean soft and fat tissues assessed using DXA. Food intake was estimated using a questionnaires and training sessions individually monitored. Repeated measures ANOVA tested the differences between sports and 12-month intra-individual variation (time moments: TM1, TM2). The analyses on aBMD for total body and total body less head were repeated controlling for variation in stature at baseline.
Soccer players completed 63 ± 31 sessions (95 ± 47 h). Respective values for swimmers were 248 ± 28 sessions and 390 ± 56 h. In general, the analysis of aBMD as dependent variable evidenced significant effect of sport-associated variation (F = 5.254, p < 0.01; η = 0.35) and 12-month increments, particularly at lower limbs (F = 97.238, p < 0.01; η = 0.85). Respective mean values for aBMD were SCC = 0.885 g.cm, SWM = 0.847 g.cm, SCC = 0.939 g.cm, SWM = 0.880. Regarding the lean soft tissue, the magnitude of effects was very large for intra-individual variation (F = 223.043, p < 0.01; η = 0.92) and moderate between sports (F = 7.850, p < 0.01; η = 0.41): SCC = 30.6 kg, SWM = 34.9 kg, SCC = 35.8 kg, SWM = 40.5 kg). Finally, d-cohen values reporting percentage of intra-individual changes in aBMD between soccer players ad swimmers were large for the trochanter (d = 1.2; annual increments: SCC = 8.1%, SWM = 3.6%).
Puberty appeared as a period of significant intra-individual changes in lean soft tissue and bone mineral density. With increasing accumulated training experience, mean difference between sports contrasting in mechanical impact tended to me more pronounced in particular at the lower limbs.
青春期是人体剧烈变化的时期，此外，青少年运动员参加体育运动被视为主要的体育活动形式。本研究旨在探讨在最大生长期间身体成分和骨组织的个体内变化，以及 12 个月的体育活动对机械冲击的影响。
该样本包括 40 名 12.57 ± 0.37 岁的男性青少年运动员（足球：n=20；游泳：n=20），他们接受了 12 个月的随访。使用 DXA 测量身高和体重，骨矿物质含量（BMC）、面积骨矿物质密度（aBMD）、瘦软组织和脂肪组织。使用问卷估计食物摄入量，单独监测训练课程。重复测量方差分析测试了运动之间的差异和 12 个月的个体内变化（时间点：TM1、TM2）。对全身和全身（不包括头部）的 aBMD 进行了分析，同时控制了基线时身高的变化。
足球运动员完成了 63 ± 31 次（95 ± 47 小时）。游泳运动员的相应值分别为 248 ± 28 次和 390 ± 56 小时。一般来说，作为因变量的 aBMD 分析表明，运动相关变化（F=5.254，p<0.01；η=0.35）和 12 个月的增量，特别是在下肢（F=97.238，p<0.01；η=0.85）有显著影响。相应的 aBMD 平均值为 SCC=0.885 g.cm，SWM=0.847 g.cm，SCC=0.939 g.cm，SWM=0.880。至于瘦软组织，个体内变化的效应幅度非常大（F=223.043，p<0.01；η=0.92），运动之间的效应幅度适中（F=7.850，p<0.01；η=0.41）：SCC=30.6 kg，SWM=34.9 kg，SCC=35.8 kg，SWM=40.5 kg。最后，报告足球运动员和游泳运动员之间 aBMD 个体内变化百分比的 d-cohen 值在转子间区较大（d=1.2；年增量：SCC=8.1%，SWM=3.6%）。
青春期是瘦软组织和骨矿物质密度个体内显著变化的时期。随着积累的训练经验的增加，机械冲击的运动之间的平均差异在下肢更为明显。
