Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363 Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 20;23(9):4553. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094553.
This study was undertaken to investigate the diversity and population structure of 83 spring barley ( L.) cultivars, which corresponded to 120 years of this crop's breeding in Poland. The analysis was based on 11,655 DArTseq-derived SNPs evenly distributed across seven barley chromosomes. Five groups were assigned in the studied cultivars according to the period of their breeding. A decrease in observed heterozygosity within the groups was noted along with the progress in breeding, with a simultaneous increase in the inbreeding coefficient value. As a result of breeding, some of the unique allelic variation present in old cultivars was lost, but crosses with foreign materials also provided new alleles to the barley gene pool. It is important to mention that the above changes affected different chromosomes to varying degrees. The internal variability of the cultivars ranged from 0.011 to 0.236. Internal uniformity was lowest among the oldest cultivars, although some highly homogeneous ones were found among them. This is probably an effect of genetic drift or selection during their multiplications and regenerations in the period from breeding to the time of analysis. The population genetic structure of the studied group of cultivars appears to be quite complex. It was shown that their genetic makeup consists of as many as eleven distinct gene pools. The analysis also showed traces of directed selection on chromosomes 3H and 5H. Detailed data analysis confirmed the presence of duplicates for 11 cultivars. The performed research will allow both improvement of the management of barley genetic resources in the gene bank and the reuse of this rich and forgotten variability in breeding programs and research.
本研究旨在调查 83 个春大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）品种的多样性和群体结构，这些品种对应于波兰 120 年来的作物育种。分析基于 11655 个 DArTseq 衍生 SNP，均匀分布在大麦的 7 条染色体上。根据其育种时期，将研究中的品种分为五个组。在育种过程中，随着时间的推移，观察到群体内的杂合度降低，同时自交系数值增加。由于育种，一些在旧品种中存在的独特等位基因变异丢失了，但与外源材料的杂交也为大麦基因库提供了新的等位基因。值得一提的是，上述变化对不同染色体的影响程度不同。品种内的内部变异性范围从 0.011 到 0.236。最古老的品种中内部均匀性最低，尽管在其中也发现了一些高度均匀的品种。这可能是由于在从育种到分析这段时间内的繁殖和再生过程中遗传漂变或选择的影响。研究群体的品种遗传结构似乎相当复杂。结果表明，它们的遗传组成由多达 11 个不同的基因库组成。分析还显示了在 3H 和 5H 染色体上存在定向选择的痕迹。详细的数据分析证实了 11 个品种存在重复。进行的研究将允许改进基因库中大麦遗传资源的管理，并在育种计划和研究中重新利用这种丰富而被遗忘的变异性。
