基于 SSR 标记的埃塞俄比亚大麦（L.）地方品种遗传多样性、群体结构和关系。

Genetic diversity, population structure and relationship of Ethiopian barley ( L.) landraces as revealed by SSR markers.

机构信息

Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, P. O. Box 5954, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

出版信息

J Genet. 2022;101.

Abstract

Evaluation and characterization of genetic resources maintained at both and GenBanks have important implications for future utilization in association mapping studies, genetic selection, breeding and conservation activities. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity, population structure and relationship of 384 Ethiopian barley genotypes collected from different barley growing regions of Ethiopia using 49 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Analysis of these 49 SSR markers amplified a total of 478 alleles with an average of 9.755 alleles per locus were obtained of which 97.07% of the loci were observed to be polymorphic. Nei's genetic diversity index (h) was 0.654 and the Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.647, indicating that the genetic diversity in barley genotypes studied was moderately high. At the population level, mean per cent of polymorphic loci (PPL) showed 98.37%, h = 0.388 and I = 0.568. Highest level of genetic diversity was observed in the Arsi population (with PPL = 100%, h = 0.439, I = 0.624); the lowest value observed was in population from Jimma (with PPL = 75.51%, h = 0.291, I = 0.430). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) result showed significant genetic differentiation within and between populations (<0.001), with 84.21% and 15.79% of the variation occurring within and among populations, respectively. Further, genetic variation analysis showed a coefficient of gene differentiation of 0.053 and a gene flow value of 4.467 among populations. The 384 barley genotypes were divided into seven genetic clusters according to STRUCTURE, neighbour-joining tree and principal coordinate analysis, correlating significantly with geographic distribution. These results signified presence of significant variations within and among populations (<0.001), with the highest of the variation occurring within populations. The results will also assist with the design of conservation strategies, such as genetic protection via both and conservation.

摘要

对和保藏库中保存的遗传资源进行评估和特征分析，对未来的关联作图研究、遗传选择、育种和保护活动具有重要意义。本研究的主要目的是利用 49 个简单序列重复（SSR）标记，评估来自埃塞俄比亚不同大麦种植区的 384 个埃塞俄比亚大麦基因型的遗传多样性、群体结构和关系。对这 49 个 SSR 标记进行分析，共扩增出 478 个等位基因，每个位点的平均等位基因数为 9.755，其中 97.07%的位点表现为多态性。Nei 的遗传多样性指数（h）为 0.654，Shannon 多样性指数（I）为 0.647，表明所研究的大麦基因型的遗传多样性处于中等偏高水平。在群体水平上，多态性位点百分率（PPL）平均值为 98.37%，h = 0.388，I = 0.568。Arsi 群体的遗传多样性最高（PPL = 100%，h = 0.439，I = 0.624）；Jimma 群体的遗传多样性最低（PPL = 75.51%，h = 0.291，I = 0.430）。基于 AMOVA 的分析结果表明，群体内和群体间存在显著的遗传分化（<0.001），其中 84.21%和 15.79%的变异分别发生在群体内和群体间。此外，遗传变异分析显示，群体间的基因分化系数为 0.053，基因流值为 4.467。根据 STRUCTURE、邻接树和主坐标分析，384 个大麦基因型分为 7 个遗传聚类，与地理分布显著相关。这些结果表明，群体内和群体间存在显著的变异（<0.001），其中群体内的变异最大。这些结果还将有助于设计保护策略，如通过和保护进行遗传保护。