Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 51666, Tabriz, Iran.
Center of Excellence in Cereal Molecular Breeding, University of Tabriz, 51666, Tabriz, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 5;10(1):19165. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75339-4.
Natural and mass selection during domestication and cultivation favored particular traits of interest in barley. In the present study, population structure, and genetic relationships among 144 accessions of barley landraces and breeding materials from various countries were studied using a set of 77 and 72 EST-SSR and gSSR markers, respectively distributed on seven chromosomes of barley. In total, 262 and 429 alleles were amplified in 77 EST-SSRs and 72 gSSR loci, respectively. Out of which, 185 private/group-specific alleles were identified in the landraces compared with 14 in "cultivar and advanced breeding lines", indicating the possibility to introgress favorite alleles from landraces into breeding materials. Comparative analysis of genetic variation among breeding materials, Iranian landraces, and exotic landraces revealed higher genetic diversity in Iranian landraces compared with others. A total of 37, 15, and 14 private/group-specific alleles were identified in Iranian landraces, exotic landraces, and breeding materials, respectively. The most likely groups for 144 barley genotypes were three as inferred using model- and distance-based clustering as well as principal coordinate analysis which assigned the landraces and breeding materials into separate groups. The distribution of alleles was found to be correlated with population structure, domestication history and eco-geographical factors. The high allelic richness in the studied set of barley genotype provides insights into the available diversity and allows the construction of core groups based on maximizing allelic diversity for use in barley breeding programs.
在驯化和栽培过程中，自然选择和群体选择有利于大麦的某些特定性状。本研究利用一组分别分布在大麦 7 条染色体上的 77 个 EST-SSR 和 72 个 gSSR 标记，研究了来自不同国家的 144 份大麦地方品种和育成材料的群体结构和遗传关系。在 77 个 EST-SSR 和 72 个 gSSR 位点中，共扩增出 262 和 429 个等位基因。其中，在地方品种中鉴定出 185 个特有/群体特异性等位基因，而在“品种和先进育成系”中仅鉴定出 14 个，表明有可能从地方品种中导入优良等位基因到育成材料中。对育成材料、伊朗地方品种和外来地方品种的遗传变异进行比较分析，发现伊朗地方品种的遗传多样性高于其他品种。在伊朗地方品种、外来地方品种和育成材料中，分别鉴定出 37、15 和 14 个特有/群体特异性等位基因。使用模型和基于距离的聚类以及主坐标分析推断，144 个大麦基因型最有可能分为三组，将地方品种和育成材料分为不同的组。等位基因的分布与群体结构、驯化历史和生态地理因素有关。所研究的大麦基因型的高等位基因丰富度为可利用的多样性提供了深入了解，并允许根据最大化等位基因多样性构建核心群体，用于大麦育成计划。
