Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 27;23(9):4858. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094858.
The aim of the study was to present the fingerprint of different tuber extracts showing glucosinolates-containing substances possibly playing an important role in preventinting dementia and other memory disorders. Different phenotypes of (Brassicaceae) tubers were analysed for their glucosinolate profile using a liquid chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS platform). Qualitative analysis in 50% ethanolic extracts confirmed the presence of ten compounds: aliphatic, indolyl, and aromatic glucosinolates, with glucotropaeolin being the leading one, detected at levels between 0-1.57% depending on phenotype, size, processing, and collection site. The PCA analysis showed important variations in glucosinolate content between the samples and different ratios of the detected compounds. Applied in vitro activity tests confirmed inhibitory properties of extracts and single glucosinolates against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (15.3-28.9% for the extracts and 55.95-57.60% for individual compounds) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (71.3-77.2% for the extracts and 36.2-39.9% for individual compounds). The molecular basis for the activity of glucosinolates was explained through molecular docking studies showing that the tested metabolites interacted with tryptophan and histidine residues of the enzymes, most likely blocking their active catalytic side. Based on the obtained results and described mechanism of action, it could be concluded that glucosinolates exhibit inhibitory properties against two cholinesterases present in the synaptic cleft, which indicates that selected phenotypes of tubers cultivated under well-defined environmental and ecological conditions may present a valuable plant material to be considered for the development of therapeutic products with memory-stimulating properties.
本研究旨在展示不同块茎提取物的指纹图谱，这些提取物中可能含有具有重要作用的含硫葡萄糖苷化合物，以预防痴呆和其他记忆障碍。使用液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆飞行时间质谱（HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS 平台）对不同表型的（芸薹属）块茎进行了其硫代葡萄糖苷图谱分析。在 50%乙醇提取物中的定性分析证实了十种化合物的存在：脂肪族、吲哚和芳香族硫代葡萄糖苷，其中以葡萄糖硫苷醇为主，其含量水平取决于表型、大小、加工和采集地点，在 0-1.57%之间。PCA 分析表明，样品之间的硫代葡萄糖苷含量存在重要差异，且检测到的化合物比例也不同。体外活性测试证实了提取物和单个硫代葡萄糖苷对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）（提取物为 15.3-28.9%，单个化合物为 55.95-57.60%）和丁酰胆碱酯酶（BuChE）（提取物为 71.3-77.2%，单个化合物为 36.2-39.9%）的抑制作用。通过分子对接研究解释了硫代葡萄糖苷活性的分子基础，表明测试代谢物与酶的色氨酸和组氨酸残基相互作用，很可能阻止其活性催化部位。基于获得的结果和描述的作用机制，可以得出结论，硫代葡萄糖苷对突触间隙中存在的两种胆碱酯酶表现出抑制作用，这表明在明确的环境和生态条件下栽培的所选芸薹属块茎表型可能具有作为具有记忆刺激特性的治疗产品开发的有价值的植物材料。
