Division of Histology/Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0283, Japan.
Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 5;23(9):5160. doi: 10.3390/ijms23095160.
The mammalian secondary palate is formed through complex developmental processes: growth, elevation, and fusion. Although it is known that the palatal elevation pattern changes along the anterior-posterior axis, it is unclear what molecules are expressed and whether their locations change before and after elevation. We examined the expression regions of molecules associated with palatal shelf elevation (Pax9, Osr2, and Tgfβ3) and tissue deformation (F-actin, E-cadherin, and Ki67) using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in mouse embryos at E13.5 (before elevation) and E14.5 (after elevation). Pax9 was expressed at significantly higher levels in the lingual/nasal region in the anterior and middle parts, as well as in the buccal/oral region in the posterior part at E13.5. At E14.5, Pax9 was expressed at significantly higher levels in both the lingual/nasal and buccal/oral regions in the anterior and middle parts and the buccal/oral regions in the posterior part. Osr2 was expressed at significantly higher levels in the buccal/oral region in all parts at E13.5 and was more strongly expressed at E13.5 than at E14.5 in all regions. No spatiotemporal changes were found in the other molecules. These results suggested that Pax9 and Osr2 are critical molecules leading to differences in the elevation pattern in palatogenesis.
生长、提升和融合。虽然已知腭提升模式沿前后轴发生变化，但尚不清楚在提升前后哪些分子表达及其位置是否发生变化。我们使用免疫组织化学和 RT-PCR 检测了与腭板提升（Pax9、Osr2 和 Tgfβ3）和组织变形（F-actin、E-cadherin 和 Ki67）相关的分子在 E13.5（提升前）和 E14.5（提升后）的小鼠胚胎中的表达区域。在 E13.5 时，Pax9 在腭板前、中部分的舌/鼻腔区域以及腭板后部分的颊/口腔区域的表达水平显著较高。在 E14.5 时，Pax9 在腭板前、中部分的舌/鼻腔和颊/口腔区域以及腭板后部分的颊/口腔区域的表达水平显著较高。在 E13.5 时，Osr2 在所有部分的颊/口腔区域的表达水平显著较高，且在所有区域的表达水平均高于 E14.5。其他分子未发现时空变化。这些结果表明 Pax9 和 Osr2 是导致腭发育中提升模式差异的关键分子。
