Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
Cells. 2022 Apr 28;11(9):1483. doi: 10.3390/cells11091483.
Both gynecological tumors and endometriosis require for their development a favorable environment, termed in the case of tumors a "pre-metastatic niche" and in case of endometriosis a "pro-endometriotic niche". This is characterized by chronic inflammation and immunosuppression that support the further progression of initial lesions. This microenvironment is established and shaped in the course of a vivid cross-talk between the tumor or endometrial cells with other stromal, endothelial and immune cells. There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in this cellular communication, mediating both in tumors and endometriosis similar immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the latest findings about EVs as immunosuppressive factors, highlighting the parallels between gynecological tumors and endometriosis. Furthermore, we outline their role as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers as well as their future in therapeutic applications.
妇科肿瘤和子宫内膜异位症都需要一个有利的环境才能发展，在肿瘤的情况下称为“转移前生态位”，在子宫内膜异位症的情况下称为“亲子宫内膜异位症生态位”。这一特征表现为慢性炎症和免疫抑制，支持初始病变的进一步进展。这种微环境是在肿瘤或子宫内膜细胞与其他基质细胞、内皮细胞和免疫细胞之间活跃的串扰过程中建立和塑造的。有新的证据表明，细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 在这种细胞通讯中起着关键作用，在肿瘤和子宫内膜异位症中介导类似的免疫抑制和促炎机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于 EVs 作为免疫抑制因子的最新发现，强调了妇科肿瘤和子宫内膜异位症之间的相似性。此外，我们概述了它们作为潜在的诊断或预后生物标志物的作用，以及它们在治疗应用中的未来。
