Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain.
Locomotor System and Sport Research Group (E0B5-07), University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 25;19(9):5193. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095193.
The main objective of this study was to determine lower-limb range of motion (ROM) as a risk factor associated with sagittal spinal misalignments in children. Two hundred and one children (10.9 ± 0.7 years old) from five different primary schools were recruited for this retrospective case-control study. Anthropometric variables, sagittal spinal alignment in habitual everyday postures, and lower-limb ROM, such as ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed (ADF-KF), hip extension with the knee relaxed (HE), and hip flexion with the knee extended (HF-KE) were measured. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed differences between the means of HE and HF-KE ROM, and the thoracic and lumbar curves ( ≤ 0.034; η ≥ 0.052). The HE ( ≤ 0.028; OR ≥ 1.066) predicted sagittal thoracic misalignment in the slump sitting (SSP) and relaxed standing (RSP) postures in males and the sagittal lumbar misalignment in the RSP in female children; while HF-KE ( ≤ 0.006; OR ≥ 1.089) predicted sagittal thoracic misalignment in the maximum trunk forward flexion posture (MTFP) and sagittal lumbar misalignment in SSP and MTFP in males. In this study, the reference values for restricted HE and HF-KE were significantly associated with sagittal spinal misalignment in male children but not for the ankle ROM. Physical education teachers should include stretching exercises in the ISQUIOS programme to increase the extensibility of the iliopsoas (HE) and hamstrings (HF-KE) and prevent sagittal spinal misalignments in habitual everyday postures.
本研究的主要目的是确定下肢活动度（ROM）作为与儿童矢状位脊柱错位相关的风险因素。本回顾性病例对照研究共招募了来自五所不同小学的 201 名儿童（10.9 ± 0.7 岁）。测量了人体测量学变量、日常姿势中的矢状位脊柱排列以及下肢 ROM，如膝关节弯曲时的踝关节背屈（ADF-KF）、膝关节放松时的髋关节伸展（HE）和膝关节伸展时的髋关节屈曲（HF-KE）。多变量和单变量分析显示，HE 和 HF-KE ROM 以及胸椎和腰椎曲线之间存在差异（≤0.034；η≥0.052）。HE（≤0.028；OR≥1.066）预测了男性在 slumped sitting（SSP）和 relaxed standing（RSP）姿势中的矢状位胸椎错位以及女性在 RSP 中的矢状位腰椎错位；而 HF-KE（≤0.006；OR≥1.089）预测了男性在最大躯干前屈姿势（MTFP）中的矢状位胸椎错位以及 SSP 和 MTFP 中的矢状位腰椎错位。在本研究中，受限 HE 和 HF-KE 的参考值与男性儿童的矢状位脊柱错位显著相关，但与踝关节 ROM 无关。体育教师应在 ISQUIOS 计划中增加伸展运动，以增加髂腰肌（HE）和腘绳肌（HF-KE）的柔韧性，防止日常姿势中的矢状位脊柱错位。
