8至19岁足球运动员柔韧性的年龄相关差异。
Age-related differences in flexibility in soccer players 8-19 years old.
作者信息
Cejudo Antonio, Robles-Palazón Francisco Javier, Ayala Francisco, De Ste Croix Mark, Ortega-Toro Enrique, Santonja-Medina Fernando, Sainz de Baranda Pilar
机构信息
Department Physical Activity and Sport/Faculty of Sport Sciences/Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
School of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport, Health and Social Care, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom.
出版信息
PeerJ. 2019 Jan 29;7:e6236. doi: 10.7717/peerj.6236. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
Muscle flexibility is a main component of health-related fitness and one of the basic components of fitness for the performance in some sports. Sport and health professionals require the flexibility profile of soccer to define quantitative aims in the training of flexibility. The aim of this study was to identify age-related differences in lower extremity flexibility in youth soccer players.
METHODS
Seventy-two young male soccer players (age: 13.0 ± 3.1 y; body mass: 50.5 ± 15.3 kg; stature 158.2 ± 16.8 cm; BMI: 19.6 ± 2.6 kg/m) completed this study. Measures of eleven passive hip (hip extension (HE), hip adduction with hip flexed 90°(HAD-HF90°), hip flexion with knee flexed (HF-KF) and extended (HF-KE), hip abduction with hip neutral (HAB) and hip flexed 90°(HAB-HF90°), hip external (HER) and internal (HIR) rotation), knee (knee flexion (KF)) and ankle dorsiflexion (ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (ADF-KF) and extended (ADF-KE)) ranges of motion (ROM) were taken. Descriptive statistics were calculated for hip, knee and ankle ROM measured separately by leg (dominant and non-dominant) and age-group (U10, U12, U14, U16 and U19). The data was analysed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the interaction of 11 ROM in the different players' age-group.
RESULTS
Generally, U10 and/or U12 soccer players obtain the highest mean value in almost all ROM evaluated (U10: HAD-HF [39.6° ± 4.3°], ADF-KE [32.3° ± 4.1°], HER [63.5° ± 5.6°] and HAB-HF90°[64.1° ± 7.5°]; U12: HE [17.7° ± 6.2°], HAB [35.6° ± 3.0], HIR [60.8° ± 4.7°] and KF [133.8° ± 7.1°]). Nonetheless, significant differences between the players' age-groups are just found in HAD-HF90°( = .042; ES = .136), HAB ( = .001; ES = .252), HIR ( = .001; ES = .251), HER ( < .001; ES = .321) and HAB-HF90°( < .001; ES = .376) ROM, showing a progressive and irregular decrease in these ROM until the U19 team.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study reinforce the necessity of prescribing exercises aimed at improving HAD-HF90° ROM in U16, HAB ROM in U14, HIR ROM in U16 and U19, HER ROM in U12 and U19, and HAB-HF90° ROM in U16 and U19 players within everyday soccer training routines.
背景
肌肉柔韧性是健康相关体能的主要组成部分，也是某些运动表现所需体能的基本组成部分之一。体育和健康专业人员需要了解足球运动员的柔韧性状况，以便在柔韧性训练中确定量化目标。本研究的目的是确定青少年足球运动员下肢柔韧性的年龄相关差异。
方法
72名年轻男性足球运动员（年龄：13.0±3.1岁；体重：50.5±15.3千克；身高：158.2±16.8厘米；体重指数：19.6±2.6千克/平方米）完成了本研究。测量了11项被动髋关节活动度（髋关节伸展（HE）、髋关节屈曲90°时内收（HAD-HF90°）、膝关节屈曲（HF-KF）和伸展（HF-KE）时髋关节屈曲、髋关节中立位（HAB）和髋关节屈曲90°时外展（HAB-HF90°）、髋关节外旋（HER）和内旋（HIR））、膝关节活动度（膝关节屈曲（KF））以及踝关节背屈活动度（膝关节屈曲（ADF-KF）和伸展（ADF-KE）时踝关节背屈）。分别按腿（优势腿和非优势腿）和年龄组（U10、U12、U14、U16和U19）对髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的活动度进行描述性统计。使用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）对数据进行分析，以检验不同年龄组球员11项活动度之间的相互作用。
结果
一般来说，U10和/或U12足球运动员在几乎所有评估的活动度中均值最高（U10：HAD-HF[39.6°±4.3°]、ADF-KE[32.3°±4.1°]、HER[63.5°±5.6°]和HAB-HF90°[64.1°±7.5°]；U12：HE[17.7°±6.2°]、HAB[35.6°±3.0]、HIR[60.8°±4.7°]和KF[133.8°±7.1°]）。然而，仅在HAD-HF90°（P = 0.042；效应量=0.136）、HAB（P = 0.001；效应量=0.252）、HIR（P = 0.001；效应量=0.251）、HER（P < 0.001；效应量=0.321）和HAB-HF90°（P < 0.001；效应量=0.376）活动度中发现球员年龄组之间存在显著差异，这些活动度呈现出逐渐且不规则的下降趋势，直至U19组。
结论
本研究结果强化了在日常足球训练中针对U16球员进行旨在改善HAD-HF90°活动度、U14球员改善HAB活动度、U16和U19球员改善HIR活动度、U12和U19球员改善HER活动度以及U16和U19球员改善HAB-HF90°活动度的训练的必要性。
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