Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Soil and Water Conservation Research Group, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 26;19(9):5263. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095263.
In this work, sampling was carried out in the urban area of Madrid to analyze the content of total heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd) in the street dust. Contamination was evaluated using various indices, such as the Contamination Factor (CF), Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), the Human Health Index Hazard Index (HI), and Cancer Risk (CR). Pollution indices were related to traffic density and color. Traffic density was the factor that most influenced the values of the pollution indexes, but no significant differences were found with the color of street dust. The concentration of heavy metals in the urban dust of Madrid had the following sequence: Zn (895) > Cu (411) > Pb (290) > Cr (100) > Ni (42) > Cd (1.25 mg kg−1). The pollution levels were high or very high in Pb, Zn, and Cd regarding the environmental pollution indexes. Ingestion was the main route of exposure to heavy metals contained in street dust. The CR for adults and children is less than 1 × 10−6, which means that there is no risk for the population. However, the HI was 10 times higher in children than in adults.
本研究在马德里市区进行了采样，分析了街道灰尘中总重金属（Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、Ni 和 Cd）的含量。采用污染因子（CF）、富集因子（EF）、地积累指数（Igeo）、潜在生态风险指数（RI）、污染负荷指数（PLI）、人体健康指数危害指数（HI）和癌症风险（CR）等多种指标对污染进行了评估。污染指数与交通密度和颜色有关。交通密度是影响污染指数值的主要因素，但与街道灰尘的颜色没有显著差异。马德里市区城市灰尘中重金属的浓度顺序为：Zn（895）＞Cu（411）＞Pb（290）＞Cr（100）＞Ni（42）＞Cd（1.25mgkg-1）。根据环境污染指数，Pb、Zn 和 Cd 的污染水平较高或很高。摄入是接触街道灰尘中重金属的主要途径。成人和儿童的 CR 均小于 1×10−6，这意味着人群没有风险。然而，儿童的 HI 比成人高 10 倍。
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