Jadoon Waqar Azeem, Khpalwak Wahdatullah, Chidya Russel Chrispine Garven, Abdel-Dayem Sherif Mohamed Mohamed Ali, Takeda Kazuhiko, Makhdoom Masood Arshad, Sakugawa Hiroshi
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2018 Jan;74(1):32-45. doi: 10.1007/s00244-017-0475-9. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
This study was designed to investigate selected road-dust associated heavy metals, their relations with natural and anthropogenic sources, and potential human and environmental health risks. For this purpose, 42 and 36 road-dusts samples were collected from Jalalabad and Kabul cities (Afghanistan), respectively. The following elements were found in descending concentrations: Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Co, and Cd in Jalalabad; and Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Co, and Cd in Kabul. Except for Ni, all the elemental contents were less than the Canadian permissible limits in residential/parkland soils. Principle Component Analysis and enrichment of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn pointed to anthropogenic sources, whereas Co, Cr, and Mn indicated crustal inputs. Broadly, Cd monomial risk index ([Formula: see text]) was considerable; however, one site each in both cities showed high risk ([Formula: see text] ≥ 350). The potential ecological risk (RI) is mostly low; however, at some sites, the risk was considerable. Ingestion appeared to be the main exposure route (99%) for heavy metals and contributed > 90% to noncancerous (all residents), as well as 92% (children) and 75-89% (adults) cancerous risks. The noncancerous risks of all metals and their integrated risks for all residents were within acceptable levels. Moreover, potential cancer risks in children from Ni and Cr were slightly higher than the US-EPA safe levels but were within acceptable levels for adults. This study found higher risks to children and therefore recommends proper management and ways to control metals pollution load in these areas to decrease human health and RIs.
本研究旨在调查选定的与道路灰尘相关的重金属、它们与自然和人为来源的关系以及对人类和环境健康的潜在风险。为此，分别从贾拉拉巴德市和喀布尔市（阿富汗）采集了42个和36个道路灰尘样本。在贾拉拉巴德发现的以下元素浓度由高到低依次为：锰、锌、铅、镍、铜、铬、钴和镉；在喀布尔为：锰、锌、镍、铜、铬、铅、钴和镉。除镍外，所有元素含量均低于加拿大住宅/公园土壤的允许限值。主成分分析以及镉、铜、镍、铅和锌的富集表明存在人为来源，而钴、铬和锰表明来自地壳输入。总体而言，镉单项风险指数（[公式：见原文]）相当可观；然而，两个城市各有一个地点显示出高风险（[公式：见原文]≥350）。潜在生态风险（RI）大多较低；然而，在一些地点，风险相当可观。摄入似乎是重金属的主要暴露途径（99%），对非致癌风险（所有居民）的贡献>90%，对儿童致癌风险的贡献为92%，对成人致癌风险的贡献为75 - 89%。所有金属的非致癌风险及其对所有居民的综合风险均在可接受水平内。此外，儿童因镍和铬产生的潜在致癌风险略高于美国环境保护局的安全水平，但对成人来说仍在可接受水平内。本研究发现儿童面临的风险更高，因此建议对这些地区进行适当管理并采取措施控制金属污染负荷，以降低人类健康风险和生态风险。
