Environmental Research Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran.
School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Chemosphere. 2020 Feb;241:124984. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124984. Epub 2019 Sep 27.
Pollution levels of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) were studied performing enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index and ecological risk index. The most enriched elements which categorize as very high and extremely high enriched in different land-uses were in order of: commercial Cu (73.79)>Hg (66.55)>Pb (55.73)>Zn (46.15)>Cd (37.31); residential Pb (48.35)>Zn (34.79)>Cu (27.69)>Hg (22.96)>Cd (22.61) and industrial Zn (55.43)>Pb (51.52)>Cu (40.20)>Cd (26.29). In green lands sampling points, there weren't any elements with enrichment factor more than twenty. Based on the result of geo-accumulation index, commercial land-use appeared to be highly polluted with Cu, Pb and Zn. Residential land-use were highly polluted just in case of lead and industrial land-use were categorized as highly polluted in case of Zn, Pb and Cu. Hakanson's ecological risk index classified all of the land-uses except for green lands as very high ecological risk category. Factor analysis revealed that Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe and to a lesser extent Pb, Zn and As are from similar anthropogenic sources. Carcinogenic risk of Cr, Pb, As, Ni and Cd were found to be negligible for all land-uses for adult and children except for chromium in commercial land-use which exceed the safe level and need more attention in the future.
采用富集因子、地积累指数和生态风险指数研究了潜在有毒金属（PTMs）的污染水平。在不同土地利用类型中，分类为极高和极强富集的最富集元素顺序为：商业 Cu（73.79）>Hg（66.55）>Pb（55.73）>Zn（46.15）>Cd（37.31）；住宅 Pb（48.35）>Zn（34.79）>Cu（27.69）>Hg（22.96）>Cd（22.61）和工业 Zn（55.43）>Pb（51.52）>Cu（40.20）>Cd（26.29）。在绿地采样点，没有任何元素的富集因子超过二十。根据地积累指数的结果，商业用地在 Cu、Pb 和 Zn 方面表现出高度污染。住宅用地仅在铅方面表现出高度污染，而工业用地则在 Zn、Pb 和 Cu 方面被归类为高度污染。Hakanson 的生态风险指数将除绿地外的所有土地利用类型归类为极高生态风险类别。因子分析表明，Cr、Mn、Ni、Fe 以及在较小程度上的 Pb、Zn 和 As 来自类似的人为来源。除商业用地中的铬超过安全水平外，所有土地利用类型对成人和儿童的 Cr、Pb、As、Ni 和 Cd 的致癌风险均可忽略不计，但未来需要更多关注。
