Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Environ Int. 2021 Feb;147:106366. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106366. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Transformational change is urgently needed to address planetary health challenges in cities. Through an interdisciplinary overview of the literature, we consider how to frame and unpack city-level transformation towards synergistic benefits for urban health and environmental sustainability. By describing the characteristics of a 'healthy sustainable city' and by bringing together the ideas underlying frameworks for health and sustainability, we develop a conceptual understanding of how cities may progress towards achieving significant improvements in health and the environment. We investigate how urban change works, and build a theoretical understanding of how urban change may be directed to integrate health and sustainability. We conclude that urban transformation needs to be a multi-scalar process across city sectors to meet the scale, speed and form of change required. We propose that this can best be achieved in practice through a composition of mechanisms, including strengthening city governance, enabling technological and social innovations, applying sustainable urban planning and infrastructure development, and impelling social behaviour change; supported by systems-driven policy and practice-focused scientific evidence.
要解决城市中的地球健康挑战，迫切需要进行变革性转变。通过对文献的跨学科综述，我们考虑如何构建和剖析城市层面的转变，以实现城市健康和环境可持续性的协同效益。通过描述“健康可持续城市”的特征，并将健康和可持续性框架的基本理念结合起来，我们从概念上理解城市如何朝着实现健康和环境的重大改善方向发展。我们研究了城市变化的运作方式，并建立了关于如何引导城市变化以整合健康和可持续性的理论理解。我们得出的结论是，城市转型需要在城市各个部门进行多层面的过程，以满足所需的规模、速度和变化形式。我们提出，通过加强城市治理、促进技术和社会创新、应用可持续城市规划和基础设施发展以及推动社会行为改变等机制的组合，在实践中可以最好地实现这一目标；同时需要系统驱动的政策和注重实践的科学证据的支持。
