Division Integrative Risk Assessment, Data and Statistics, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220 Vienna, Austria.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 20;14(9):1704. doi: 10.3390/nu14091704.
The WHO European Region has the lowest exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates at 6 months in the world. In Austria, 55.5% of infants are EBF at the age of one week, although breastfeeding initiation is 97.5%. The study was conducted in 2019/2020 and considered 1214 mothers of legal age, who received four online questionnaires during their child's first year of life. The influence of different variables on total/exclusive breastfeeding duration were analysed by using a Cox model (Extension of the Cox Proportional Hazards Model) with time-dependent covariates. Multivariate analyses showed a significant influence of maternal BMI, lifestyle factors, such as smoking, and breastfeeding support on total breastfeeding duration. Remarkable differences in the median duration of any breastfeeding were found for breastfeeding support, where mothers breastfed twice as long. Support came primarily from hospital staff, the midwife and the partner. A higher monthly household net income, delivery in a baby-friendly certified hospital (BFH) and breastfeeding support were associated with a longer EBF duration. Obese mothers started feeding infant formula earlier and had a higher risk of early weaning. The results offer valuable insights into the importance of breastfeeding-friendly structures such as BFHs, a focus on breastfeeding aftercare and support of the mother to promote and protect breastfeeding.
世界卫生组织欧洲区域的 6 个月纯母乳喂养率（EBF）最低。在奥地利，虽然母乳喂养的初始率为 97.5%，但只有 55.5%的婴儿在一周龄时进行 EBF。该研究于 2019/2020 年进行，考虑了 1214 名法定年龄的母亲，她们在孩子一岁内接受了四次在线问卷调查。使用具有时间依赖性协变量的 Cox 模型（Cox 比例风险模型的扩展）分析了不同变量对总母乳喂养持续时间和纯母乳喂养持续时间的影响。多变量分析表明，母亲的 BMI、吸烟等生活方式因素以及母乳喂养支持对总母乳喂养持续时间有显著影响。在母乳喂养支持方面，任何母乳喂养的中位数持续时间存在显著差异，母乳喂养支持的母亲母乳喂养时间是其他母亲的两倍。支持主要来自医院工作人员、助产士和伴侣。较高的月家庭净收入、在婴儿友好认证医院（BFH）分娩以及母乳喂养支持与更长的 EBF 持续时间相关。肥胖母亲更早开始喂养婴儿配方奶粉，并且早期断奶的风险更高。研究结果提供了宝贵的见解，表明 BFH 等母乳喂养友好型结构、关注母乳喂养后的护理以及对母亲的支持对于促进和保护母乳喂养非常重要。
