Highly Active Small Aminated Quinolinequinones against Drug-Resistant and .

Two subseries of aminated quinolinequinones (AQQs, -) containing electron-withdrawing group (EWG) or electron-donating group (EDG) in aryl amine moiety were successfully synthesized. Antimicrobial activity assessment indicates that some of the AQQs (- and -) with an EDG in aryl amine exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). In contrast, with an EWG in aryl amine displayed excellent antifungal activity against fungi Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) with a MIC value of 1.22 μg/mL. To explore the mode of action, the selected AQQs ( and ) were further evaluated in vitro to determine their antimicrobial activity against each of 20 clinically obtained resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria by performing antibiofilm activity assay and time-kill curve assay. In addition, in silico studies were carried out to determine the possible mechanism of action observed in vitro. The data obtained from these experiments suggests that these molecules could be used to target pathogens in different modes of growth, such as planktonic and biofilm.