Kouighat Mohamed, Nabloussi Abdelghani, Adiba Atman, Fechtali Mohamed El, Hanine Hafida
Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Plant Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Agricultural Research Center of Meknes, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat 10090, Morocco.
Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University Moulay Slimane, P.O. Box 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 19;11(9):1099. doi: 10.3390/plants11091099.
Sesame seed represents a reservoir of nutritional components with many medicinal properties. With the current trend to increase both seed yield and nutritional quality, the cultivation of new high-quality sesame varieties is a necessity to improve human health and promote the economic efficiency of this crop. However, research efforts for the development of cultivars of high nutritional quality are too scarce. In this study, we evaluated the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of seeds of selected M sesame mutants, in comparison with their two wild-type cultivars. The measurements included ash, proteins, crude fibers, sugars, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), lignans and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA). The results show higher FRSA, TPC, TAC and lignans in the mutant "US2-6", compared to the wild type "US06". Besides this, seeds of the mutant "US1-DL" are rich in ash and sugars, while high protein and fiber contents were found in the mutants "ML2-5" and "US2-7", respectively. This work highlights the possibility of improving the nutritional value of sesame germplasm through mutagenesis. The valuable germplasm obtained will be used in the sesame breeding program to develop cultivars with high nutritional quality and antioxidant activity, which could contribute to the prevention of diseases related to free radicals and nutritional deficiencies.
芝麻是营养成分的储存库，具有多种药用特性。随着当前提高种子产量和营养品质的趋势，培育新的高品质芝麻品种对于改善人类健康和提高这种作物的经济效益是必要的。然而，针对高营养品质品种开发的研究工作却十分匮乏。在本研究中，我们评估了所选M芝麻突变体种子的营养价值和抗氧化活性，并与两个野生型品种进行了比较。测量指标包括灰分、蛋白质、粗纤维、糖类、总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）、总花青素含量（TAC）、木脂素和自由基清除活性（FRSA）。结果表明，与野生型“US06”相比，突变体“US2-6”的FRSA、TPC、TAC和木脂素含量更高。除此之外，突变体“US1-DL”的种子富含灰分和糖类，而突变体“ML2-5”和“US2-7”的种子分别富含高蛋白和高纤维。这项工作突出了通过诱变提高芝麻种质营养价值的可能性。所获得的有价值种质将用于芝麻育种计划，以培育具有高营养品质和抗氧化活性的品种，这可能有助于预防与自由基和营养缺乏相关的疾病。
