Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
J Ultrasound. 2023 Mar;26(1):229-237. doi: 10.1007/s40477-022-00690-3. Epub 2022 May 14.
Brain contrast-enhanced ultrasound offers insights into the brain beyond the anatomic information offered by conventional grayscale ultrasound. In infants, the open fontanelles serve as acoustic windows. In children, whose fontanelles are closed, the temporal bone serves as the ideal acoustic window due to its relatively smaller thickness than the other skull bones. Diagnosis of common neurologic diseases such as stroke, hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus has been performed using the technique. Transtemporal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, however, are rarely used in children due to the prevalent notion that the limited acoustic penetrance degrades diagnostic quality. This review seeks to provide guidelines for the use of transtemporal brain contrast-enhanced ultrasound in children.
脑对比增强超声提供了超越传统灰阶超声提供的解剖信息的脑内信息。在婴儿中，开放的囟门充当声学窗口。在囟门闭合的儿童中，由于颞骨比其他颅骨的厚度相对较小，因此颞骨成为理想的声学窗口。该技术已用于诊断中风、出血和脑积水等常见神经系统疾病。然而，由于普遍认为有限的声穿透会降低诊断质量，经颞骨超声和对比增强超声在儿童中很少使用。本综述旨在为儿童经颞骨脑对比增强超声的使用提供指南。
