Interdyscyplinarne Centrum Nowoczesnych Technologii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu.
Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland..
Postepy Biochem. 2021 Nov 12;68(1):46-56. doi: 10.18388/pb.2021_409. Print 2022 Mar 31.
In plants, lipids serve as one of the major and vital cellular constituents. Neutral lipids reserves play an essential role in the plant life cycle by providing carbon and energy equivalents for periods of active metabolism. The most common form of lipid storage are triacylglycerols (TAGs) packed into specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). They have been observed in diverse plant organs and tissues, like oil seeds or pollen grains. LDs consist of a core, composed mostly of TAGs, enclosed by a single layer of phospholipids that is decorated by a unique set of structural proteins. Moreover, the recent advances in exploration of LDs proteome revealed a plethora of diverse proteins interacting with LDs. This is likely the result of a highly dynamic nature of these organelles and their involvement in many diverse aspect of cellular metabolism, tightly synchronized with plant developmental programs and directly related to plant-environment interactions. In this review we summarize and discuss the current progress in understanding the role of LDs and their cargo during plants life cycle, with a special emphasis on developmental aspects.
在植物中，脂质是主要的、至关重要的细胞成分之一。中性脂质储备通过为活跃代谢期提供碳和能量当量，在植物生命周期中起着至关重要的作用。最常见的脂质储存形式是三酰基甘油(TAGs)，它们被包装在称为脂滴 (LDs) 的专门细胞器中。人们已经在各种植物器官和组织中观察到了 LDs，如油种子或花粉粒。LDs 由一个核心组成，主要由 TAGs 组成，被一层磷脂包围，由一组独特的结构蛋白装饰。此外，对 LDs 蛋白质组的探索的最新进展揭示了大量与 LDs 相互作用的不同种类的蛋白质。这可能是由于这些细胞器具有高度动态的性质，以及它们参与细胞代谢的许多不同方面，与植物发育计划紧密同步，并与植物-环境相互作用直接相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了目前对 LDs 及其在植物生命周期中货物的作用的理解的进展，特别强调了发育方面。
