Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2017 Oct;1862(10 Pt B):1166-1177. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.006. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived organelles that mediate the sequestration of neutral lipids (e.g. triacylglycerol and sterol esters), providing a dynamic cellular storage depot for rapid lipid mobilization in response to increased cellular demands. LDs have a unique ultrastructure, consisting of a core of neutral lipids encircled by a phospholipid monolayer that is decorated with integral and peripheral proteins. The LD proteome contains numerous lipid metabolic enzymes, regulatory scaffold proteins, proteins involved in LD clustering and fusion, and other proteins of unknown functions. The cellular role of LDs is inherently determined by the composition of its proteome and alteration of the LD protein coat provides a powerful mechanism to adapt LDs to fluctuating metabolic states. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern LD protein targeting and degradation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
脂滴（LDs）是普遍存在的内质网（ER）衍生细胞器，介导中性脂质（例如三酰基甘油和固醇酯）的隔离，为响应细胞需求的增加提供了快速脂质动员的动态细胞储存库。LDs 具有独特的超微结构，由中性脂质的核心组成，核心被磷脂单层包围，单层上装饰有整合蛋白和外周蛋白。LD 蛋白质组包含许多脂质代谢酶、调节支架蛋白、参与 LD 聚集和融合的蛋白质以及其他具有未知功能的蛋白质。LD 的细胞作用本质上由其蛋白质组的组成决定，LD 蛋白被改变为外套提供了一种强大的机制，使 LD 适应不断变化的代谢状态。在这里，我们综述了控制 LD 蛋白靶向和降解的分子机制的最新理解。本文是由 Rosalind Coleman 和 Matthijs Hesselink 编辑的题为“Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology”特刊的一部分。
