Uher Ferenc, Matula Zsolt, Gönczi Márton, Gopcsa László, Bekő Gabriella, Réti Marienn, Szekanecz Zoltán, Ajzner Éva, Vályi-Nagy István
1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7., 1097 Magyarország.
2 Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Reumatológiai Tanszék Debrecen Magyarország.
Orv Hetil. 2022 May 15;163(20):774-787. doi: 10.1556/650.2022.32521.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) displays tremendous inter-individual variability, ranging from asymptomatic infections to life-threatening illness. Although more studies are needed, a picture has begun to emerge that variability in the immune system components is a main contributor to the heterogeneous disease courses. Here, we provide a concept for the interaction of the innate and adaptive immune systems with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to link the observations that have been made during the first two years of the pandemic. Inborn errors of, and autoantibodies directed against, type I interferons, dysregulated myeloid response, hyperinflammation, lymphopenia, lymphocyte impairment, and heterogeneous adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are discussed, as well as their impact in the course of COVID-19. In addition, we will also review part of the key findings that have helped define and delineate some of the essential attributes of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cell -mediated immune memory.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）表现出极大的个体差异，从无症状感染到危及生命的疾病。尽管还需要更多研究，但免疫系统成分的差异是导致疾病进程异质性的主要因素这一情况已开始显现。在此，我们提出一个关于先天性和适应性免疫系统与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）相互作用的概念，以将在大流行的头两年所观察到的情况联系起来。文中讨论了I型干扰素的先天性缺陷、针对I型干扰素的自身抗体、失调的髓系反应、过度炎症反应、淋巴细胞减少、淋巴细胞损伤以及对SARS-CoV-2的异质性适应性免疫，以及它们在COVID-19病程中的影响。此外，我们还将回顾部分关键发现，这些发现有助于定义和描述SARS-CoV-2特异性体液免疫和细胞介导免疫记忆的一些基本特征。
