Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Semin Immunol. 2021 Jun;55:101508. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101508. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
One and half year following the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, significant efforts from laboratories all over the world generated a huge amount of data describing the prototypical features of immunity in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Review, we rationalize and organize the main observations, trying to define a "core" signature of immunity in COVID-19. We identified six hallmarks describing the main alterations occurring in the early infection phase and in the course of the disease, which predispose to severe illness. The six hallmarks are dysregulated type I IFN activity, hyperinflammation, lymphopenia, lymphocyte impairment, dysregulated myeloid response, and heterogeneous adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation and exhaustion came out as the trait d'union, connecting abnormalities affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cellular responses.
在 COVID-19 大流行发生一年半后，来自世界各地的实验室做出了巨大努力，产生了大量数据，描述了 SARS-CoV-2 感染过程中免疫的典型特征。在这篇综述中，我们对主要观察结果进行了合理化和组织，试图确定 COVID-19 免疫的“核心”特征。我们确定了六个特征描述了在早期感染阶段和疾病过程中发生的主要改变，这些改变易导致严重疾病。这六个特征是失调的 I 型 IFN 活性、过度炎症、淋巴细胞减少、淋巴细胞功能障碍、失调的髓样细胞反应以及对 SARS-CoV-2 的异质性适应性免疫。失调和衰竭是连接影响先天免疫和适应性免疫、体液和细胞反应的异常的纽带。
