Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022 Jun;243:113978. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113978. Epub 2022 May 12.
Studies suggest associations between exposure to individual polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with preterm birth (PTB) and shorter gestational age. Little is known about exposure to PBDE mixtures and these outcomes. We evaluated associations of multiple PBDEs in early pregnancy with gestational age at delivery and PTB.
Data were collected from 2046 women without obesity and 396 women with obesity from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies, who had early pregnancy plasma PBDEs concentrations and gestational age at delivery. PTB was defined as < 37 weeks of gestation at delivery and further categorized into subtypes (late or very early/moderate; spontaneous or medically indicated). We applied (1) generalized linear models (GLM); (2) principal component analysis (PCA); and (3) Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to evaluate the individual and joint associations of log-transformed PBDE concentrations with gestational age at delivery and PTB, adjusting for potential confounders and evaluating effect modifiers.
In GLM analyses, a 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in log-PBDE 153 was associated with shorter gestational age at delivery [adjusted β (95% CI) = -0.19 (-0.31, -0.06) weeks] among women without obesity. In PCA analyses, 1-SD increase in the principal component summarizing most of PBDE 153 variability was associated with shorter gestational age at delivery [adjusted β (95% CI) = -0.18 (-0.30, -0.06) weeks], very early/moderate PTB [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 1.91 (1.19, 3.07)], and spontaneous PTB [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 1.34 (1.00, 1.80)] among women without obesity. Associations were stronger among non-Hispanic Black women, women with BMI ranging between 25 and 30 kg/m, and women who were ≥35 years old among those without obesity. In BKMR analyses, a suggestive inverse association between PBDE 153 and gestational age at delivery, and an inverse U-shaped association between PBDE 154 and gestational age at delivery were observed in women without obesity. No statistically significant association of PBDEs and gestational age or PTB was observed among women with obesity.
PBDEs, specifically PBDE 153, were associated with shorter gestation and higher risk of certain PTB subtypes among pregnant women without obesity.
研究表明，接触个体多溴二苯醚 (PBDEs) 与早产 (PTB) 和更短的胎龄有关。对于 PBDE 混合物和这些结果的暴露知之甚少。我们评估了孕早期多种 PBDE 与分娩时胎龄和 PTB 的关系。
来自 NICHD 胎儿生长研究的 2046 名非肥胖妇女和 396 名肥胖妇女收集了数据，她们在孕早期有血浆 PBDE 浓度和分娩时的胎龄。PTB 定义为分娩时<37 周的胎龄，并进一步分为亚组（晚期或极早/中度；自发性或医学上指示的）。我们应用了（1）广义线性模型 (GLM)；（2）主成分分析 (PCA)；和（3）贝叶斯核机器回归 (BKMR) 来评估 log 转换的 PBDE 浓度与分娩时胎龄和 PTB 的个体和联合关联，同时调整潜在混杂因素并评估效应修饰剂。
在 GLM 分析中，非肥胖妇女中，log-PBDE153 增加 1 个标准差 (SD) 与分娩时胎龄较短相关 [调整后的β (95%CI) = -0.19 (-0.31, -0.06) 周]。在 PCA 分析中，概括 PBDE153 大部分变异的主成分增加 1 个 SD 与分娩时胎龄较短相关 [调整后的β (95%CI) = -0.18 (-0.30, -0.06) 周]，极早/中度 PTB [调整后的比值比 (95%CI) = 1.91 (1.19, 3.07)]，自发性 PTB [调整后的比值比 (95%CI) = 1.34 (1.00, 1.80)]，非肥胖妇女。非西班牙裔黑人妇女、BMI 在 25 至 30 kg/m 之间的妇女和非肥胖妇女中年龄≥35 岁的妇女之间的关联更强。在 BKMR 分析中，在非肥胖妇女中观察到 PBDE153 与分娩时胎龄之间存在提示性的负相关，以及 PBDE154 与分娩时胎龄之间呈倒 U 形相关。在肥胖妇女中，PBDE 与胎龄或 PTB 之间没有统计学意义的关联。
在非肥胖孕妇中，PBDE，特别是 PBDE153，与胎龄较短和某些 PTB 亚型的风险增加有关。
